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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and polygraphical (EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, REG) studies of nocturnal sleep and of the hemodynamics were carried out in 60 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy induced by hypertension and atherosclerosis. The findings obtained demonstrate that the clinical picture in these patients is always characterized by sleep disturbances which decrease the level of their diurnal wakefulness and their capacity for work. Hemodynamic disturbances responsible for sleep disorders are in turn maintained by the latter which leads to the formation of the vicious circle. This is also supported by the fact that compromized cerebral circulation causes changes in the activity of the structures involved both in sleep-wakefulness function and the regulation of the cerebral and systemic hemodynamics. Hence, deviations in the nocturnal sleep pattern attended with pronounced alterations in the cerebral hemodynamics may contribute to the development of acute disorders of the cerebral circulation. The authors recommend correcting not only the disrupted structure of sleep but also the cerebral circulation with relation to he sleep-wakefulness cycle.
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PMID:[Nocturnal sleep and cerebral hemodynamics in different sleep stages and cycles among patients with early manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. 650 76

A high prevalence of sleep apnoea was found in a group of men occupationally exposed to organic solvents. Workers with long term exposure to organic solvents often report symptoms such as fatigue, forgetfulness, and concentration difficulties. These symptoms are strikingly similar to those reported by patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). This is a frequently diagnosed disorder characterised by disturbed sleep causing psychic or somatic complications and daytime sleepiness. A study was undertaken to evaluate whether people with long term occupational exposure to organic solvents have a higher prevalence of sleep apnoea than the general population. Patients exposed to solvents (66 men) were invited to participate in a screening for sleep apnoea. A static charge sensitive bed was used for the monitoring of respiration movements and pulse oximetry during one night. A classical sleep apnoea was diagnosed if periodic respiration movement exceeded 45% of estimated sleep time and the oxygen desaturation index exceeded 6. The prevalence of sleep apnoea among the men exposed to solvents was compared with the prevalence in the general population (1.4%). The prevalence among the participating exposed men was 19.7% which gave a conservative relative risk estimate of 14.1 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 7.5-24.2). The results indicate that exposure to organic solvents causes sleep apnoea. An alternative possibility is that people with sleep apnoea are misdiagnosed as cases of solvent induced toxic encephalopathy. The interpretation has importance for the caring of the patient.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to organic solvents as a cause of sleep apnoea. 845 96

Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (SHE)--cognitive deficits in the absence of overt encephalopathy--is frequently present in patients with cirrhosis. In the absence of biological correlates, diagnosis of SHE relies on psychometric tests. Attentional and motor abnormalities are the most common neurocognitive deficits. Sleep disturbances--a frequent complaint in cirrhosis--may be part of the spectrum of SHE. The impact of SHE on daily activities is controversial as patients may adapt their lives to cognitive limitations. Demanding activities, such as driving motor vehicles, may be impaired, though a blanket restriction appears premature. The benefit of treating SHE is not established. Antiencephalopathic drugs may be effective and can be considered in certain individuals.
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PMID:Subclinical encephalopathy. 887 47

The new questionnaire Euroquest was designed to study effects from exposure to organic solvents, and it covers the most commonly reported symptoms associated with long-term solvent exposure. Its convergence and criterion validity were evaluated by means of comparison with the two well-established generic symptom questionnaires Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). Men with long-term exposure to organic solvents and symptoms common in toxic encephalopathy (TE) classified as TE type 2A (n=29) or 2B (n=28) according to their neuropsychological test performance, and a comparable group of non-exposed healthy referents (N=57), were included. The six Euroquest factors obtained by a factor analysis were labeled: 'emotional lability' 'cognitive disturbances' 'peripheral neurology' 'sleepiness' 'fatigue' and 'sleep disturbances'. These factors correlated well with most SCL-90 scales and with the GHQ-30 total score in the combined TE groups. The combined TE groups were correctly classified to a similar degree by the Euroquest factors 'cognitive disturbances' and 'peripheral neurology' (TE 82.5% and referents 93%) and the SCL-90 scales 'somatization, 'interpersonal sensitivity', 'obsessive-compulsive symptoms' and 'hostility' (TE 84.2% and referents 93.0%), but not as well by GHQ-30 (TE 61.4% and referents 79%). In comparison with the separate TE groups most referents, and a considerably higher percentage of 2B than 2A subjects, could be correctly classified with both Euroquest and SCL-90. With GHQ-30, only a few 2A cases and fewer than half of the 2B cases were correctly classified. In conclusion, the Euroquest factors converged with both SCL-90 scales and GHQ-30 score. With both the Euroquest and SCL-90 questionnaires a similar percentage of the TE subjects were discriminated from the referents, most conspicuously regarding TE 2B subjects, who had an objectified cognitive dysfunction. In a choice between Euroquest and SCL-90, the Euroquest may have the advantage of higher face validity, for TE subjects.
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PMID:Euroquest: the validity of a new symptom questionnaire. 1113 Feb 83

Association of ischemic heart disease (IHD) with vascular affections of the brain is the cardiocerebrovascular syndrome having common pathogenetic mechanisms of formation in the structure of cardiovascular pathology. Some specificities were studied of the clinical course of IHD concomitant with hypertensive dyscirculatory encephalopathy (HDE) in 35 patients (main group), with 25 IHD controls free from manifestations of neurological symptomatology. In IHD HDE patients the anginous syndrome is characterized by a lesser dependency on time in each period of 24 hours and physical load and greater dependency on arterial pressure, meteofactors, it is often accompanied by cephalgia appearing with the intake of antianginal drugs, dizziness, memory, sleep disturbances. The main group patients demonstrated elevated levels of LPO products, those of lipid metabolism, and the AO system tension.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the clinical course of ischemic heart diseases in patients with hypertensive dyscirculatory encephalopathy]. 1145 23

We report on three patients with MeCP2 mutation and male Rett phenotypes. Two brothers with T158M mutations and normal karyotype had a severe early onset encephalopathy, progressive microcephaly, severe feeding problems, breathing and sleep disturbances. They died at the ages of 1 year and 8 months, and 3 years and 1 month. This mutation has previously been reported in three males. The phenotypes show a strong resemblance, and might in fact represent a clinical-genetic entity of the T158M mutation within the complex of congenital encephalopathies in males with MeCP2 mutations. We also report a 3-year-old boy with a R294X mutation, normal karyotype, and a more protracted course. He was inactive and sucked poorly from start. The head growth decelerated from the age of 6 months and the feeding problems increased requiring gastrostomy. He had a rapid deterioration period at 2 years and lost sitting and hand grasping functions. He had prolonged periods with tremor and epileptic myoclonus, shifting tonus, and dystonic extension of the trunk and legs, bruxism, and irregular breathing. He was clinically stable with preserved visual and emotional contact function by the age of four years. None of the boys had dysmorphic features.
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PMID:Male Rett phenotypes in T158M and R294X MeCP2-mutations. 1723 9

A fever of unknown origin developed in a patient with sequelae of acute encephalopathy who had received dantrolene for severe spasticity. A chronic subdural hematoma was found on MRI, and initially it was suspected that the patient had an intracranial infection. However, close investigation ruled out the chronic subdural hematoma as the source of infection. The patient's fever continued in spite of administration of antibiotics and antimycotics. We suspected that the fever was drug-induced and discontinued the use of dantrolene. As a result, the patient's fever promptly went down. After discontinuation of dantrolene the patient experienced increased muscle tone, vomiting and sleep disturbances. Dantrolene was readministered with the consent of the patient's family, but the fever returned. When dantrolene was once again discontinued, the fever immediately went down. We concluded that the fever of the patient was induced by dantrolene.
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PMID:[Recurrent fever related to dantrolene sodium in a girl with sequelae of acute encephalopathy]. 1802 66

Sleep disorders are common in dialysis patients. Insomnia is reported in almost 70% of the dialysed. Old age, presence of common sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and restless legs syndrome (RLS), comorbid clinical conditions, metabolic parameters and characteristics of dialysis, represent the main risk factors for insomnia. RLS is independently associated with uremia, affecting almost 30% of Caucasians dialysed. Pathophysiology of uremic RLS is still unclear. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanism remains unknown, the efficacy of kidney transplantation on RLS symptoms supports the involvement of renal function in this disturbance. SAS affects 30-80% of dialysis patients. The use of neurophysiological measures is necessary to diagnose SAS. This approach is not applicable in all dialysis patients; consequently, validated questionnaires might be useful to screen patients with a high risk of apnea. Risk of obstructive and central respiratory events are increased by renal failure and dialysis therapy. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is often reported by the dialysed population. Direct effects of uremic encephalopathy and of somnogenic cytokines have been suggested as the cause of EDS, in addition to the sleep disturbances that increase daytime sleepiness by impairing nocturnal sleep efficiency. Although less frequent, the presence of other sleep disturbances (such as nightmares and narcolepsy) should be carefully evaluated in the uremic population. Several sleep disturbances may potentially be treated but, if left untreated, may impair health status and increase the risk of mortality. However, literature and personal data suggest that undertreatment is common, calling to higher awareness of sleep disturbances among nephrologists.
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PMID:Sleep disturbances in dialysis patients. 1844 35

A solvent can be defined as "a liquid that has the ability to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials, without chemical change to the material or solvent". Numerous chemical or technical processes rely on these specific properties of organic solvents in industry. Occupational exposure to solvents is not rare and some activities may cause substantial exposure to these substances in the workforce. Short-term or acute exposures cause a prenarcotic syndrome, and long lasting exposure conditions have been associated with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., anosmia, hearing loss, colour vision dysfunctions, peripheral polyneuropathy and depression, but most significantly with the gradual development of an irreversible toxic encephalopathy. For the last 3 decades reports and epidemiological studies have been published reporting sleep disturbances among other complaints, related to long-term exposure to these compounds. In addition, the question has been posed if solvents can be the cause of a sleep apnoea syndrome in exposed workers, or on the contrary, if these workers are misdiagnosed and 'common' sleep apnoea syndromes are the cause of their chronic symptoms of fatigue and memory and attentional disturbances.
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PMID:Sleep disturbances and occupational exposure to solvents. 1920 Dec 27

There has been an increased focus on the neurological sequelae of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly neurodegenerative syndromes, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE); however, no animal model exists that captures the behavioral spectrum of this phenomenon. We sought to develop an animal model of CTE. Our novel model is a modification and fusion of two of the most popular models of TBI and allows for controlled closed-head impacts to unanesthetized mice. Two-hundred and eighty 12-week-old mice were divided into control, single mild TBI (mTBI), and repetitive mTBI groups. Repetitive mTBI mice received six concussive impacts daily for 7 days. Behavior was assessed at various time points. Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was computed and vestibulomotor function tested with the wire grip test (WGT). Cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze (MWM), anxiety/risk-taking behavior with the elevated plus maze, and depression-like behavior with the forced swim/tail suspension tests. Sleep electroencephalogram/electromyography studies were performed at 1 month. NSS was elevated, compared to controls, in both TBI groups and improved over time. Repetitive mTBI mice demonstrated transient vestibulomotor deficits on WGT. Repetitive mTBI mice also demonstrated deficits in MWM testing. Both mTBI groups demonstrated increased anxiety at 2 weeks, but repetitive mTBI mice developed increased risk-taking behaviors at 1 month that persist at 6 months. Repetitive mTBI mice exhibit depression-like behavior at 1 month. Both groups demonstrate sleep disturbances. We describe the neurological sequelae of repetitive mTBI in a novel mouse model, which resemble several of the neuropsychiatric behaviors observed clinically in patients sustaining repetitive mild head injury.
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PMID:The spectrum of neurobehavioral sequelae after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. 2476 54


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