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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypoglycaemia is a widely distributed pathological state, which develops in case of insulinoma of pancreas, alcohol intoxication, lever and gastrointestinal problems [2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 28]. The most important clinic aspect is that it is associated with treatment of diabetes [2, 7, 8, 19, 28]. Hypoglycaemia may lead to irrecoverable damage to neurons and persistent disruption of the cerebral functions--post-hypoglycaemic encephalopathy; therefore, the metabolic changes resulting from neuroglycopenia and their relationship with neurotic disturbances, as well as the biochemical mechanisms leading to irrecoverable damage to cells are of special interest. Hypoglycaemia is a unique possibility to study these mechanisms, because it leads to cell damage even if there is no disturbance of oxygen supply to brain and intracellular acidosis [35, 38, 133].
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PMID:[Hypoglycemia and the brain: metabolism and the mechanisms of neuronal damage]. 1061 85

A 64-year-old woman with night paroxysmal episodes is described. Her symptoms began 9 months ago with attacks of bizarre movement, which were always present in the second part of the night. She had no attacks during the daytime. Her husband reported confusion and disorientation followed by long periods of unresponsiveness. The patient underwent a night polysomnography recording. Around 4 o'clock in the morning bizarre movements with stereotypic behaviour appeared. She was rolling her head from side to side, moaning, and stretching her limbs. These periods first lasted for minutes, and were constantly repeated during the night. EEG findings suggested metabolic encephalopathy. At that time finger prick test revealed a profound hypoglycaemia (1.2 mmol/l), high insulin (200 pmol/l), and C-peptide (6.63 nmol/l). Ultrasonography and MRI confirmed the insulinoma in the head of the pancreas. To our knowledge our case is the first patient with insulinoma attacks only during sleep time.
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PMID:Insulinoma presenting itself as a night paroxysmal disorder with spontaneous recovery. 1859 70

We report a case of a 22-year-old male who was transferred to our hospital in a comatose state following successive seizures. Low blood glucose had been detected upon his arrival at the previous hospital. He became responsive 12 days after the onset of coma. Upon regaining consciousness he exhibited severe dysarthria and several interhemispheric disconnection signs such as intermanual conflict, left-hand dysgraphia, left hemispatial neglect confined to the right hand, impaired interhemispheric transfer, and unilateral constructional apraxia of the right hand. Brain MRI disclosed T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted hyperintense lesions with reduced apparent diffusion coefficients in the bilateral centrum semiovale, splenium of the corpus callosum, right posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles. As the MRI findings vanished, his interhemispheric disconnection signs gradually resolved. Abdominal imaging studies revealed a pancreatic tumor, which was later endocrinologically diagnosed as an insulinoma. This is an extremely rare report of interhemispheric disconnection signs due to hypoglycemic encephalopathy. The lesions in the bilateral centrum semiovale likely contributed to the interhemispheric disconnection signs.
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PMID:Transient interhemispheric disconnection in a case of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemic encephalopathy. 2413 56