Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085584 (encephalopathy)
 18,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of food poisoning resulting in 13 deaths in children occurred in Malaysia during the Chinese Festival of the Nine-Emperor Gods in 1988. The offending food was a Chinese noodle called 'Loh See Fun' (LSF). The source was traced to a factory where a banned food preservative was added to make the LSF. The food poisoning was attributable to aflatoxins and boric acid. The clinical features included vomiting, pyrexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, giddiness, seizures, and eventual coma. Initially, many presented with a Reye-like syndrome. Eleven post-mortem examinations were performed. The pathological findings included extensive coagulative necrosis of the liver with proliferative 'ductal/ductular metaplasia of the hepatocytes'. Giant cell formation, central vein sclerosis, bile stasis, and steatosis were also noted. There was presence of acute tubular necrosis, superficial upper gastrointestinal erosions, and ensuing encephalopathy. The eventual cause of death is acute hepatic and renal failure.
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PMID:An outbreak of aflatoxicosis and boric acid poisoning in Malaysia: a clinicopathological study. 189 May 47

Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The Central Nervous System (CNS) has been examined at autopsy in 60 patients who died of AIDS in a 6-year period in our hospital. Most of the patients were intravenous drug abusers, the mean age was of 34 years, with a high prevalence of males. Neurologic symptoms were present in 62% of patients, while histologic lesions have been observed in 51 cases (85%). Opportunistic infections were found in 27 patients, the commonest being T. gondii (12) and Cytomegalovirus (7); Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy was observed in 2 cases. HIV-associated lesions included 21 cases of Multifocal Giant Cell Encephalitis (MGCE), 15 of Progressive Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy (PDL) and 7 cases of Vacuolar Myelopathy. Primary CNS lymphoma was noted in 8 patients and secondary deposits were observed in 3 cases. Simultaneous CNS lesions by more than one pathogen were frequently encountered. The main pathogenetic mechanisms for characterization of all the lesions and their relationship with clinical features of the disease are discussed. It is supposed that MGCE and PDL represent two different patterns of HIV-encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Neuropathology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 264 Nov 50

We report the first familial cases with two different types of posterior fossa cystic malformation and a leukodystrophic-like aspect on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The girl and her brother had severe encephalopathy, marked hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, macrocrania, gigantism, and dysmorphic face and extremities. The girl had generalized seizures. The boy had unilateral cataract and bilateral optic atrophy. The parents were first cousins, suggesting autosomal recessive transmission. MRI showed Dandy-Walker variant in the girl, with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and expansion of the cisterna magna, which communicated with the fourth ventricle. Her brother had mega cisterna magna communicating with the fourth ventricle and a normal cerebellum. The 2 children had abnormally high signal in the supratentorial white matter. Visual and auditory evoked potentials revealed prolonged latencies. Motor and sensory conduction velocities were normal. Muscle and nerve biopsies were normal. Metabolic exploration demonstrated no abnormality.
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PMID:Familial Dandy-Walker malformation and leukodystrophy. 925 68