Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to evaluate the role of aldosterone, glomerular filtration and blood pressure on sodium excretion in renal disease. Sodium clearance (CNa), plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), glomerular filtration rate (GF), paraaminohippurate clearance (CPAH) and blood pressure were measured simultaneously in 19 normal subjects, 38 patients with benign essential hypertension, 3 with renal artery stenosis, 48 with chronic glomerulonephritis, 20 with the nephrotic syndrome, 24 with tubulo-interstitial disease and 21 with a renal homograft. CNa was significantly depressed in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Mean PA and PRA were increased in renal artery stenosis but within the normal range in other groups. CNa correlated inversely with PA in all groups but one (tubulo-interstitial disease). CNa correlated directly with GF in the nephrotic syndrome and with the mean blood pressure (mBP) in chronic glomerulonephritis and tubulo-interstitial disease. PA correlated directly with PRA and inversely with GF or CPAH in most groups. It is concluded that PA is an important determinant of the basal natriuresis in renal disease with the exception of tubulo-interstitial nephropathies. In the nephrotic syndrome sodium retention is largely determined by the interaction of PA and GF. In chronic nephropathies, but not in benign essential hypertension, the fractional sodium excretion is partly blood pressure-dependent. Impairment of renal function is often accompanied by a rise in PA.
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PMID:Interrelationships between sodium clearance, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity, renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in renal disease. 39 72

Systemic and renal hemodynamics including split renal function tests were studied in 41 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) related to unilateral stenosis of main renal artery in comparison to 36 subjects with essential hypertension (EH). The two populations were matched for age, sex, body surface area, and systemic arterial pressure. Cardiac output and total peripheral resistances were similar in both groups, with total peripheral resistances increased in comparison to normal values (P less than .001). Patients with EH had a decreased blood volume (P less than .01) with a normal cardiopulmonary blood volume. Patients with RVH had a normal blood volume with an increase in cardiopulmonary blood volume (P less than .02). The para-amino hippurate clearance (CPAH) was decreased in EH. The decrease was similar in the right (160.3 +/- 56.9 mL/min/m2) and left kidneys (158.7 +/- 45 mL/min/m2). The inulin clearance (Cin) was similar in both kidneys (35.2 +/- 12.5 v 33.6 +/- 11.6 mL/min/m2). In addition, in EH, CPAH was negatively correlated with blood pressure (P less than .01). In patients with RVH, CPAH of the "stenotic" kidney was reduced (91.5 +/- 47.8 mL/min/m2) as well as Cin (22.9 +/- 9.3 mL/min/m2). In contrast a significant increase in CPAH (194.1 +/- 63.8 mL/min/m2) and Cin (47.6 +/- 12.6 mL/min/m2) was observed in the contralateral kidney. Kidney function (CPAH and Cin) was not correlated with blood pressure in the "stenotic" kidney. The CPAH and Cin of the nonstenotic kidney were positively and significantly correlated with systemic arterial pressure (P less than .001). The Cin was positively correlated with CPAH in all kidneys in RVH or in EH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal hemodynamics in patients with sustained essential hypertension and in patients with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery. 270 91

The acute effects of bisoprolol 10 mg i.v., a new beta1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist, on heart rate, mean blood pressure (mBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), sodium clearance, urine volume and plasma renin activity (PRA), were studied in 6 patients with essential hypertension. Heart rate decreased by 23%, mBP remained unchanged, and GFR decreased by 14% and CPAH by 23%. PRA was depressed on average by 25%. Urine volume and sodium clearance also declined by 9 and 13%, respectively, but the changes were not statistically significant. The fall in heart rate was significantly correlated with that in GFR and CPAH. Changes in GFR were correlated significantly with those in CPAH. The acute changes in renal function induced by bisoprolol are considered to be due to a reduction in cardiac output and increased systemic vascular resistance.
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PMID:Acute changes in renal function induced by bisoprolol, a new cardioselective beta-blocking agent. 287 82

Split renal function tests were studied in 41 patients with unilateral stenosis of the main renal artery in comparison with 36 subjects with essential hypertension. The two populations were matched for sex, age (39 +/- 10 vs 37 +/- 11 years (+/- 1 standard deviation) and systemic arterial pressure (193/114 +/- 29/15 vs 205/110 +/- 30/17 mmHg). The PAH clearance (CPAH) was decreased in essential hypertensives. The decrease was similar in the right (160.3 +/- 56.9 ml/min/m2) and left kidneys (158.7 +/- 45 ml/min/m2). The inulin clearance (Cin) was similar in both kidneys (35.2 +/- 12.5 vs 33.6 +/- 11.6 ml/min/m2). In addition, in essential hypertensive, CPAH was negatively correlated with blood pressure (p less than 0.01). In patients with renal artery stenosis, CPAH of the "stenotic" kidney was reduced (91.5 +/- 47.8 ml/min/m2) as well as Cin (22.9 +/- 9.3 ml/min/m2). In contrast, a significant increase in CPAH (194.1 +/- 63.8 ml/min/m2) and Cin (47.6 +/- 12.6 ml/min/m2) was observed in the contralateral kidney. Kidney function (CPAH and Cin) was not correlated with blood pressure in the "stenotic" kidney. CPAH and Cin of the non stenotic kidney were positively and significantly correlated with systemic arterial pressure (p less than 0.01). Cin was positively correlated with CPAH (p less than 0.001) in all kidneys in renovascular or in sustained essential hypertensives. However, in the contralateral kidney of renovascular hypertensives, a significant upward resetting of the correlation was observed. The Cin/CPAH was increased in the stenotic kidney (25.7 +/- 7.6%), as well as in the contralateral kidney (25.6 +/- 6.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparison of renal hemodynamics in 2 types of arterial hypertension, essential and renovascular, in man. Physiopathological implications]. 339 58

Renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and sodium excretion were studied in essential hypertension. PAH clearance (CPAH) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were normal or increased in early hypertension and depressed at later stages, especially in malignant cases. The PAH extraction ratio was depressed only in patients with low CPAH values. CPAH did not correlate inversely with blood pressure in benign hypertension. Later reexamination of untreated patients revealed a decrease in CPAH, but no further increase in blood pressure. Antihypertensive treatment prevented the decrease in CPAH. Patients with essential hypertension showed no abnormality in basal sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity and the sodium:aldosterone relationship. Basal sodium clearance did not correlate with GFR and the fractional sodium excretion was not pressure-dependent. When clearance determinations and measurements of PA and PRA were performed simultaneously under standardized conditions, PA and PRA were correlated inversely with CPAH and GFR. There was no relationship between PA or PRA and the blood pressure. Unless a defective release of renal prostaglandins and/or kinins could be shown to be responsible for the increase in systemic blood pressure, there is no evidence for a primary renal disturbance in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Relationships between sodium clearance, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in essential hypertension. 700 Apr 63