Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a pivotal region for regulating the set-point of arterial pressure, we proposed a role for it in the development of neurogenic hypertension. Recent studies have suggested that pro-inflammatory molecules are highly expressed in the NTS of an animal model of human essential hypertension--the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), compared to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are up-regulated in the hypertensive NTS. In the present study, we have assessed the level of gene expression of some cytokines in the NTS of SHR compared to WKY. In addition, for further confirmation of abnormal inflammatory condition within the NTS of SHR, we identified gene expression levels of an inflammatory marker, glycoprotein-39 (gp39) precursor, which is homologous to chitinase 3-like protein 1, human cartilage-gp39 or YKL40. The NTS was micro-dissected from 15-week-old male SHR and WKY rats. Total RNA was extracted and quantitative RT-PCR was performed. Gene expression of gp39 precursor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were higher in the NTS of SHR while inter-leukin-6 was lower in the NTS of SHR compared to the WKY. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the expression of other cytokines including: inter-leukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1. These data together with our previous published finding of an over expression of junctional adhesion molecule-1 suggest that the NTS of the SHR exhibits a specific inflammatory state.
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PMID:Gene expression profiles of major cytokines in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 1870 86

Moxonidine is a selective imidazoline receptor agonist with comparable blood pressure-lowering efficacy to first-line antihypertensives and favorable metabolic effects. YKL-40 (chitinase-3-1-protein) has been proposed as a new marker of inflammation, atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in neoplastic, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases but has not yet been studied in the context of essential hypertension. Fifteen patients (10 M, 5 F; age 48+/-14 years) with arterial hypertension and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index >2.77) on at least two antihypertensive drugs were randomized to receive either moxonidine (0.4 mg) or amlodipine (10 mg) for two 8-week periods with a 7-day wash-out. Serum insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, uric acid, YKL-40 and blood pressure were measured and insulin sensitivity was calculated (HOMA) at the beginning and end of each study phase. Mean BP decreased significantly with both moxonidine and amlodipine (-9.8+/-7.6 and -10.4+/-7.3 mm Hg, respectively). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased with both therapies, but only moxonidine-affected serum triglycerides. No significant changes in serum uric acid, CRP, YKL-40 (2.3 and 3.3 ng ml(-1), respectively) or HOMA index (0.70+/-2.4 and 0.76+/-2.8) were observed. There was a strong negative correlation between serum uric acid and YKL-40 concentration at baseline (r=-0.77, P=0.01). Serum YKL-40 did not correlate with blood pressure, biochemical parameters or HOMA index. Moxonidine is an effective adjunctive antihypertensive agent for use in patients with hypertension and insulin resistance that induces beneficial effects on serum lipid profile but does not reduce insulin resistance, inflammation or serum YKL-40 concentration.
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PMID:Effect of moxonidine and amlodipine on serum YKL-40, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients-a randomized, crossover trial. 2013 20

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether YKL-40 levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness were associated with non-dipping pattern in essential hypertension (HT). Age- and sex-matched 40 dipper hypertensive patients and 40 non-dipper hypertensive patients were included in the study. Non-dippers had significantly increased EAT thickness and higher YKL-40 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels than dippers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the EAT thickness and serum levels of YKL-40 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independent predictors of non-dipping pattern in essential HT. In essential HT, presence of non-dipping pattern is associated with increased inflammatory response.
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PMID:New inflammatory markers for prediction of non-dipper blood pressure pattern in patients with essential hypertension: Serum YKL-40/Chitinase 3-like protein 1 levels and echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness. 2591 69