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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of physical exercise on plasma catecholamines and urinary catecholamines and metabolites was studied in 11 patients with established essential hypertension, 5 patients with borderline hypertension, and 9 healthy volunteers. Resting plasma noradrenaline and the changes following exercise were similar in all the investigated groups. Although the resting urinary noradrenaline excretion was similar in patients and in controls, an exaggerated increase of noradrenaline excretion occurred in hypertensive patients during physical work. This finding suggests sympathetic overreactivity in essential hypertension. The increased plasma levels of adrenaline, found in established hypertension, were associated with its diminished urinary clearance. These results imply altered renal handling of adrenaline in essential hypertension. Physical exercise was associated with enhancement of metabolism of noradrenaline to 3-methoxy,4-hydroxy-phenylglycol in all groups of subjects, but the stimulation of this pathway was particularly pronounced in healthy subjects. In essential hypertension, the pattern of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites suggests impaired noradrenaline metabolism during exercise. The only characteristic feature of borderline, as opposed to established hypertension, was the increased urinary excretion of dopamine.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Plasma and urinary catecholamines and metabolites during physical exercise in essential hypertension. 678 36

Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol levels, as well as renal blood flow were studied in borderline and established hypertensive patients and in healthy control subjects at rest and following graded dynamic upright exercise. Resting plasma renin activity was elevated in established hypertension, renal blood flow at rest was decreased in patients with borderline hypertension but its per cent decrease during exercise was similar in all groups. Following exercise, plasma renin activity increased in all groups but a step-wise increase with graded exercise occurred only in borderline hypertension. Resting plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were similar in all groups. In the hypertension patients physical exercise was associated with disproportional changes of plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. Plasma cortisol displayed patterns which were roughly similar to those or aldosterone in the control group an in established hypertension, but not in the borderline group, where the most pronounced increased of aldosterone level was associated with the lowest level of cortisol. It is concluded that the physiological response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to physical exercise is altered in essential hypertension.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol levels during physical exercise in essential hypertension. 701 72

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (Lisinopril, MSD) or calcium blocker (Nifedipine retard, MSD) treatment during three months on blood pressure (measured with sphygmomanometric method and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring--ABPM) and urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertension class I acc. to WHO. Fifteen untreated patients aged 38 +/- 5 years with essential hypertension participated in the study and received diet with normal sodium content. Urinary albumin excretion was measured by RIA method in two 24 hour urine collections and mean value was calculated. ABPM was measured with Spacelabs monitor. After first examination 8 patients were randomly selected for the treatment with lisinopril and 7 patients to the treatment with nifedipine. The doses of both drugs were gradually adjusted to reach diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg. After 3 months of treatment urinary albumin excretion and blood pressure was found in both after treatment in patients treated with lisinopril but not in those receiving nifedipine. In patients treated with lisinopril a correlation between the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (measured by ABPM) and decrease of urinary albumin excretion was demonstrated. It was concluded that the normalization of blood pressure induced by lisinopril treatment in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and normoalbuminuria is accompanied with significant diminution of urinary albumin excretion which suggests preventive action of the drug in the development of microalbuminuria. Diminution of urinary albumin excretion caused by lisinopril is probably due to both the decrease of blood pressure and the specific renal action of the drug.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1995 Feb
PMID:[Comparison of treatment effects with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor--lisinopril and a calcium blocker--nifedipine retard on urinary albumin excretion in patients with non-complicated essential hypertension]. 747 31

Activity of pyrimidine 5'nucleotidase was measured in hemolysate of erythrocytes of healthy persons and patients with essential hypertension. Cytidine 5'monophosphate (CMP) and uridine 5'monophosphate (UMP) were used as the substrates for evaluation of activity of so called I-isoenzyme and uridine 3'monophosphate (U3'MP) was used as a substrate for the II isoenzyme of Py5'Nd. It was found that the activity of Py5'Nd I was lower in hypertensives (26.8 mU/gHb (CMP)) and 69.3 mU/gHb (UMP) in comparison with normotensives (62.3 and 117.4 mU/gHb respectively) (p < 0.05). The activity of Py5'Nd II did not differ between studied groups. Possible metabolic consequences of decreased activity of Py5'Nd are discussed.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1995 Apr
PMID:[Activity of pyrimidine 5'nucleotidase (py5'Nd) of erythrocytes in essential hypertension]. 747 51

Clinical evaluation of hypotensive effectiveness and the cardiovascular and side effects of enalapril monotherapy of significant essential hypertension (SEH) in adolescents was performed. The studied group included 30 pts., aged from 12 to 18 years. The mean enalapril dose was 0.22 mg/kg/24 hours. Significant decrease of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure was observed. ECHO examination performed after 6 months of therapy demonstrated significant decrease of intraventricular septum thickness, cardiac index and percentage of LV fractional shortening. Only a few minor side effects involving the GI tract were observed during therapy. We conclude that enalapril monotherapy is effective in adolescents with SEH and exerts a beneficial influence on sodium and purine balance and no adverse effect on the lipid profile. It can therefore be safely used in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia. It causes regression of LV hypertrophy and improves exercise capacity.
Pediatr Pol 1995 Feb
PMID:[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of monotherapy for significant essential hypertension in adolescents with use of enalapril]. 760 98

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vasoconstrictor sympathetic cotransmitter and a modulator of adrenergic function whose role in hypertension is yet unknown. We studied the co-release of NPY and noradrenaline (NA) in patients with essential hypertension (13 females, 11 males, age 42 +/- 13 years) by measuring plasma levels of NPY-immunoreactivity (-ir, radioimmunoassay) and NA (radioenzymatic method) following administration of clonidine (CL 300 micrograms, p.o.). At rest, only NPY-ir levels significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Three hours after CL, there were a decrease in mean arterial pressure and plasma NA (by 31 +/- 14 mmHG, p < 0.05 and 92 +/- 10 pg/ml, p < 0.01) but no change in NPY-ir levels. Patients were subsequently subdivided into groups with high (> or = 90 mmHg) or normal DBP (< or = 89 mmHg) and with or without elevated plasma NA levels (above or below 414 pg/ml, a normotensive mean +1 standard deviation). In hypertensives, but not in those with normal DBP, plasma NPY-ir correlated not only with DBP but also with systolic and mean blood pressure (r = 0.53 and r = 0.60, respectively) at rest. Hypertensives with "high" NA had significantly lower resting plasma NPY-ir levels than those with "low" NA (7.1 +/- 3.6 vs 14.7 +/- 6.0 fmol/ml, p < 0.05). In the former group, CL evoked the greatest fall in plasma NA, and also decreased NPY-ir levels by 50% (p < 0.05). Thus, patients with essential hypertension were found to display differential patterns of changes in sympathetic cotransmitters to clonidine. NPY may contribute to the increased blood pressure in hypertensives and together with NA, mediate hypotensive action of clonidine but only in the hyperadrenergic subgroup of hypertensives.
Mater Med Pol
PMID:Neuropeptide Y and alpha-adrenoceptor interactions in patients with essential hypertension. 766 76

Blood pressure was measured in two groups of young males-group S-55 men with positive family history of essential hypertension (EH) and group K-11 men with negative family history of EH (mean age 24.5 +/- 3.3 and 23.5 +/- 4.7 years). Two methods of blood pressure measurement--traditional blood pressure measurement (method A) and automatic ambulatory indirect blood pressure monitoring (method B) were used. Blood pressure was higher in group S than in group K-method A 140 +/- 14/86 +/- 10 vs 122 +/- 10/73 +/- 8 mm Hg; method B: 132 +/- 11/78 +/- 10 vs 123 +/- 8/72 +/- 7 mm Hg. Contrary to group K, in group S discrepancies in the frequency of diagnosis of systolic or diastolic hypertension were found between the two methods of blood pressure measurement. These results indicate that in young males the traditional method of blood pressure measurement may provide a false positive diagnosis of hypertension, but both methods of blood pressure measurement used in this work were effective in the diagnosis of normotension. As a population the young males with positive family history of EH have higher blood pressure then young males with negative family history of EH.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Blood pressure in young men with a family history of primary hypertension--traditional and 24-hour blood pressure measurements]. 786 82

An exaggerated pressor reaction to the isometric exercise and cold pressor test (CPT) is found to be a predictor or future hypertension. In the two groups of young males: 51 men with positive family history of essential hypertension (EH) (mean age: 24.3 +/- 3.3 years, group S) and 11 men with negative history of EH (mean age: 23.5 +/- 3.7 years, group K) the blood pressure responsiveness to the handgrip test (HG) and CPT were evaluated. Ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were higher in S then K (respectively: 136 +/- 11/81 +/- 10 mm Hg vs 126 +/- 4/76 +/- 6 mm Hg, p < 0.05). The elevation of blood pressure after HG (30% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min.) was higher in K than S (respectively: delta SBP = 37 +/- 20 vs 21 +/- 17 mm Hg i delta DBP = 27 +/- 20 vs 7 +/- 12 mm Hg, p < 0.05). Similarly, after CPT (by immersing the left hand and forearm in ice-cold water for 2 min.) the elevation of blood pressure was higher in K than S (respectively: delta SBP = 22 +/- 11 vs 12 +/- 12 mm Hg i delta DBP = 17 +/- 12 vs 9 +/- 9 mm Hg, p < 0.05). These results do not confirm an exaggerated blood pressure responsiveness to the HG test or CPT in young males with positive family history of EH, irrespectively to the diagnosis of normotension or borderline hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Isometric exercise and cold pressor test in young men with a family history of essential hypertension]. 786 83

The aim of the study was the comparison of the effect of seven day treatment with nifedipine (2 x 10 mg daily) and subsequently with verapamil (3 x 40 mg daily) on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma ANP, cGMP, renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALDO) concentrations in patients with primary hypertension. The material consisted of 12 untreated patients with primary arterial hypertension Io WHO. These results suggest that short-term treatment with nifedipine and subsequently with verapamil in patients with primary hypertension Io WHO not influence on plasma ANP, cGMP, PRA and ALDO in spite of blood pressure reduction and the changes in heart rate. It seems that ANP did not participate in hypotensive action of nifedipine and verapamil. No augmentation of urinary sodium excretion was found after short-term treatment with nifedipine or verapamil.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Comparison of the effect of short-term treatment with nifedipine and verapamil on blood pressure, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in patients with primary arterial hypertension I degree according to WHO]. 786 84

The authors aim was to evaluate if the changes in the components of the plasma kinin system on PRA, determined during 3-weeks period of treatment with captopril in daily doses of 150 mg, depend on the stage of arterial hypertension. Investigations were carried out in 40 patients with primary hypertension; 6 patients were in I, 20 in II and 14 in III WHO stage. The control group consisted of 18 healthy persons. All the parameters were examined 3 times: before therapy, after 24 h and after 3 weeks of therapy. It was proved that captopril as monotherapy, was effective in every stage of hypertension, however the normalisation of blood pressure was observed only in I and II WHO stage. The normalisation of the prekallikrein levels appeared after 3 weeks of treatment in all periods of hypertension, while the normalisation of the kininogen levels occurred only in patients of I and II WHO stage. Since changes of kininogen level in plasma occurred along with changes in blood pressure, therefore the estimation of kininogen seems to be better criterium of effectiveness of captorpil than the determination of prekallikrein. The changes of PRA were similar in all stages of hypertension, but they were significant only in the group of patients of II WHO stage and only after 24 h. Presented studies indicate that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as kinin system, participate in the mechanism of antihypertensive effect of captopril in every stage of hypertension.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Changes of components in the kinin system and plasma renin activity during different stages of hypertension in patients treated with captopril]. 786 89


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