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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-one patients receiving medical treatment for essential hypertension were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) relaxation therapy, (2) nonspecific therapy, and (3) medical treatment only. The nonspecific therapy group spent the same amount of time with the therapists as the relaxation group but was not given a specific therapy. Blood pressures were measured at a different time and in a different place from the behavioral treatments. The relaxation therapy group showed a significant reduction in blood pressure postreatment compared with the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups, even when those patients whose medication was increased were excluded from the data analysis. At follow-up six months post-treatment, the relaxation group showed a slight decrement in treatment effects, while both the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups showed continued improvement; thus, there was not a significant difference between groups.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977 Mar
PMID:Relaxation therapy and high blood pressure. 32 Sep 55

Electrocardiography has a useful place in general-practice cardiology:(1) by bringing to light unexpected findings thereby altering the diagnostic spectrum and, in some cases at least, management.(2) by acting as a monitor in the continuing management of patients suffering from some forms of cardiovascular disease, and, in particular, from essential hypertension.In 1970 the purchase of a ;Cambridge Transrite' 4-2 battery two-speed electrocardiograph made it possible to test the value of this working tool in a practice population of about 5,300 patients. Before this, members of the medical staff of the Department who needed electrocardiograms for any of their patients made the appointments with the Cardiology Department, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, or, later, with the nearby Family Doctor Centre of the Scottish Home and Health Department.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1975 Apr
PMID:Three years' experience of electrocardiography in a general practice. 113 7

Post-marketing surveillance in general practice represents an important part of the monitoring of adverse events associated with newly introduced drugs. Such a study of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril maleate has been undertaken in 11 710 patients with essential hypertension. Serious adverse events occurred in 1.7% of patients, though most of these were not thought to be related to the treatment. The incidence rates of death (0.09%), stroke (0.11%) and myocardial infarction (0.15%) were compatible with rates predicted from age, sex and blood pressure considerations. Other events reported were hypotension (0.3%), angioneurotic oedema (0.03%), rash (0.5%), taste disturbance (0.2%) and cough (1.0%). The degree of blood pressure reduction attained was similar to that previously reported from pre-marketing development studies, as was the overall nature and frequency of both serious and non-serious adverse events. The most frequently reported event during enalapril therapy was of an improvement in well-being (19.8%).
J R Coll Gen Pract 1987 Aug
PMID:Post-marketing surveillance of enalapril: experience in 11,710 hypertensive patients in general practice. 283 50

The evidence presented here suggests strongly that the kallikreins-kininogens-kinins-kininase II system has most significant role in regulation of systemic BP. This system is involved in mediation and modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, PGS and vasopressin in the regulation of sodium water balance, renal hemodynamic and BP. Therefore, reduction in the kinin-formation due to high production of kininase II, and lower formation of tissue kallikrein might result in an increased release of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II on one side, and on the other side much reduced production of PGE, vasodilator. These changes might lead to deranged vascular smooth muscle structures and cell membrane functions, retention of sodium and water, increased plasma volume, and renovascular constriction. These physiological defects might result in the development of essential hypertension (Fig. 4). Although, it is possible now to treat hypertensive conditions with tissue kallikrein and kininase II inhibitors. These discoveries have opened up new vistas to research on the pharmacological applications of kallikreins-kininogens-kinins-kininases in human diseases.
Gen Pharmacol 1988
PMID:Interrelationship between the kallikrein-kinin system and hypertension: a review. 328 Mar 99

1. Lasilactone, a new combination diuretic (furosemide 20 mg and spironolactone 50 mg) was evaluated in 30 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Each patient received one capsule of lasilactone daily. 2. Significant changes in BP were observed 1 week after initiation of therapy and were sustained during the observation period of 1 year. 3. Supine and standing BP fell from 148.6 +/- 2.6/102.1 +/- 1.9 to 120.8 +/- 1.4/91.7 +/- 1.2 and from 154.4 +/- 2.1/106.1 +/- 1.6 to 125.7 +/- 2.2/90.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg respectively. 4. There were no changes in the concentrations of plasma glucose, lipids, uric acid and potassium. On the other hand, levels of plasma renin activity rose from 0.69 +/- 0.06 to 3.95 +/- 0.47 ng/ml/hr and urinary aldosterone excretory rate increased from 9.6 +/- 1.6 to 42.8 +/- 4.2 micrograms/day. 5. This study suggests that addition of spironolactone to furosemide improves the hypotensive potency and minimizes the metabolic and electrolyte alterations of the latter.
Gen Pharmacol 1987
PMID:Efficacy and safety of lasilactone, a new combination diuretic, in essential hypertension. 331 70

Forearm blood flow response to the calcium channel inhibitor verapamil, 1 75 micrograms/100 ml tissue, as measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, was found to be significantly greater in 11 patients with essential hypertension as compared to 11 age-matched normotensive subjects whereas there was no significant difference in increase in forearm blood flow between both groups to non-specific vasodilatation with sodium nitroprusside (1.2 micrograms/100 ml tissue). The increase in forearm blood flow to verapamil correlated positively with basal plasma epinephrine concentration in hypertensives. These findings support the concept of an increased dependency of arteriolar tone on calcium influx in patients with essential hypertension, an abnormally related to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
Gen Pharmacol 1983
PMID:Verapamil-induced vasodilator response is enhanced in essential hypertension. 633 15

1. The dependency of arteriolar tone on the activity of the Na+ -K+-pump was studied in 17 normotensive (NT) males, aged 20-71 yr, without heredity for essential hypertension and 28 male patients with essential hypertension, aged 18-63 yr, by measuring forearm blood flow response to intra-arterial infusion of the Na+-K+-pump inhibitor ouabain. 14 of the patients were classified as borderline essential hypertensives (BHT) and 14 as established essential hypertensives (EHT). 2. Ouabain in incremental dosages 0.4-16 micrograms/100 ml tissue induced a vasoconstrictive response in the forearm with a maximal effect to 8 micrograms/100 ml tissue, which was not associated with an increase in regional noradrenaline release. 3. The vasoconstriction to ouabain 8 micrograms/100 ml was 29.6 +/- 6.8% in NT (P less than 0.001); 51.9 +/- 8.4% in BHT (P less than 0.001) and 36.0 +/- 12.7% in EHT (P less than 0.05). This response was greater in BHT than in NT (P less than 0.05) but not different in NT and EHT and did not correlate with age either in NT or in BHT and EHT taken together. 4. Our findings suggest an increased activity of the arteriolar Na+ -K+-pump in the early phase of essential hypertension which may to some extent correct a raised intracellular Na+; the latter being the consequence of an increased passive permeability to Na+. The activity of the arteriolar Na+ -K+-pump appears to be decreased in the later as compared to the early phase of essential hypertension.
Gen Pharmacol 1983
PMID:Inhibition of the arteriolar smooth muscle NA+ -K+-pump induces an enhanced vasoconstriction in borderline but not in established essential hypertension. 682 33

Controlled studies have demonstrated that relaxation training can lead to significant in-clinic blood pressure (BP) reductions in patients with essential hypertension. We examined the BP-lowering effect of relaxation training during the working day. Forty-two patients being treated for essential hypertension with diastolic BPs greater than 90 mm Hg were randomized into either a relaxation training program or no treatment. Multiple BP measurements were made during the working hours, using an ambulatory monitoring device, before and after training. Significant work-site differences between groups were evident after treatment both for systolic and diastolic pressures. These results suggest that relaxation therapy leads to a reduction in BP that is evident in the natural environment, providing new evidence that the procedure is a useful adjunct to the treatment of hypertensive patients.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982 Jun
PMID:Relaxation training. Blood pressure lowering during the working day. 704 80

A 12-month retrospective morbidity survey of the Falkland Islands in 1979 is described. A larger proportion of the population appear to have sought medical attention in this time than would be expected on the basis of comparable British figures. In general, cause-specific morbidity was similar in the two countries, although there were several discrepancies identified which may have been of environmental origin. The low prevalence of essential hypertension in males was particularly notable.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1982 Sep
PMID:The Falkland Islands morbidity survey. 714 14

The nocturnal production of melatonin synthesis has been associated with circadian mechanisms of the organization of sleep. It is well known that the synthesis of melatonin is under the control of pineal beta 1-adrenoreceptors. In this study the effect of ten weeks treatment with the beta-adrenoreceptor (beta-AR) blockers propranolol and ridazolol on melatonin synthesis and on sleep quality was examined in 42 patients suffering from essential hypertension. Before and after 6 and 10 weeks of beta-AR-blocker administration urinary sulfatoxymelatonin excretion rates were measured and sleep factors were evaluated by using a standardized sleep inventory consisting of self-rating sleepiness scales. After 6 and 10 weeks of treatment, a significant about 50 percent reduction of sulfatoxymelatonin was measured. No relationship between these reductions and changes in sleep factors was found. The results indicate that a reduced nightly amplitude of melatonin has minor significance for the organization of physiological sleep. Furthermore, it is suggested that pineal mechanisms beside the beta 1-adrenergic receptor transduction system serve to maintain the melatonin signal to a considerable extent during a chronic beta 1-AR blockade.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1994
PMID:Influence of chronic beta-adrenoreceptor blocker treatment on melatonin secretion and sleep quality in patients with essential hypertension. 785 85


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