Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The demonstration that exogenous atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) has markedly lowered plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) suggests a possible negative control of endogenous ANP on the secretion of ADH from the posterior hypophysis. To test this possibility and to clarify the role of ADH and ANP in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension (EHT), the responses of ADH and ANP to a hypertonic saline infusion were investigated in EHT patients and normotensive subjects (NT). Twenty inpatients with EHT (10 males and 10 females; 50.5 +/- 6.5y) and 10 NT subjects (5 males and 5 females; 50.6 +/- 7.8y) underwent a 20 min intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline (2.5% NaCl; 0.25ml/kg/min) in a fasting state. Blood samples were drawn before and 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after the infusion and analyzed for ADH and ANP as well as plasma osmolarity (Posm), Na and albumin. Basal levels of ADH and ANP were not significantly different between NT and EHT. ADH was rapidly increased by the infusion in both groups; however, its percent increase was much higher in EHT than in NT during and after the infusion. Surprisingly, a highly significant negative correlation between ADH and ANP was found before and after the infusion in both groups. Although blood pressure was not changed significantly, the enhanced response of ADH to a sodium and volume load may play a role in part in the pathophysiology of EHT. In addition, it has been suggested that a possible suppression by ANP on the secretion of ADH may be one of the mechanisms of the diuretic action of ANP.
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PMID:[Responses of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) to hypertonic saline infusion in essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects]. 153 98

The study was undertaken to clarify the role of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in essential hypertension (EH). Plasma levels of alpha-human ANP (alpha hANP) were measured in 13 normal subjects, 25 patients with EH, 5 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), 3 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and 3 patients with pheochromocytoma (PC). Plasma level of alpha hANP (normal: 38.1 +/- 20.5pg/ml) was high in all hypertensive subjects. Synthetic alpha hANP was intravenously administrated to these subjects as follows: first a dose of 0.01 microgram/kg/min for 30 minutes, second a dose of 0.03 microgram/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then in normal subjects and EH 0.03 microgram/kg/min with a dose of 6.5 micrograms/kg/min of metoclopramide (MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of 0.01 microgram/kg/min alpha hANP, arterial blood pressure was significantly depressed in EH, RVH and PA, but not in PC. Marked diuretic and natriuretic responses were observed with increase in creatinine clearance and fractional sodium excretion in EH, RVH and PA, but not in PC. Sodium clearance/lithium clearance was slightly increased after infusion of 0.03 microgram/kg/min of alpha hANP in hypertensive subjects. Plasma renin activity did not change in low and normal renin EH and PA after infusion of either dose of alpha hANP, but was suppressed after 0.03 microgram/kg/min of alpha hANP in normal subjects and high renin EH, RVH and PC. Plasma aldosterone concentration was suppressed after either dose of alpha hANP in normal subjects and in EH, RVH and PC, but not in PA. Plasma cGMP concentration and urinary cGMP excretion were decreased after either dose of alpha hANP in both normal and hypertensive subjects. Furthermore, the decrease of PAC by alpha hANP was normalized by MC in normal subjects and EH. The rise in plasma cGMP by alpha hANP was suppressed by MC in both normal subjects and EH, but no changes were observed in arterial blood pressure and natriuretic response. These results suggest that alpha hANP secretion increases with elevation of blood pressure in EH, improving increase of circulatory blood volume, and alpha hANP may play a role in elevating blood pressure in EH. Moreover, it is considered that ANP increases sodium and water excretion through its effect on both renal glomeruli and distal tubules in EH. Hypotensive and natriuretic effects of ANP in EH may be concerned with dopaminergic activity which are probably related to the production of cGMP in the vascular wall and inhibition of the excretion of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[The significance of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the cause of essential hypertension]. 165 13

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amine acid bioactive polypeptide and known to be a powerful vascular relaxant. CGRP was measured in 45 cases with essential hypertension (EH). The results suggested that plasma CGRP level in patients with EH was lower than that in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). It was found that decrease of plasma CGRP was closely related with the severity of hypertension. However, the level of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in EH patients was significantly increased as compared with normal subjects (P less than 0.01). A negative correlation between plasma CGRP and ANF (r = -0.3615, P less than 0.02) was found. These data suggested that decrease of plasma CGRP may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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PMID:[Plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) level in patients with essential hypertension]. 215 Jul 97

This study was undertaken to clarify the role of dopamine receptor (DA2) on the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) on blood pressure, plasma and urinary cyclic GMP, and urinary sodium excretion, alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) was intravenously administrated to 7 normal subjects and 14 patients with essential hypertension as follows: first a dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then 0.03 micrograms/kg/min with or without metoclopramide(MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of the 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP, systolic blood pressure fell from 115 +/- 17 mmHg to 109 +/- 15 mmHg in normal subjects, and fell significantly from 163 +/- 33 mmHg to 145 +/- 26 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension. Diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 +/- 14 mmHg to 92 +/- 7 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension but did not change in normal subjects. A dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min of alpha-hANP led to a threefold rise in urine volume and twofold rise in urinary sodium excretion in normal subjects, and a fivefold rise in urine volume and fourfold rise in urinary sodium excretion in patients with essential hypertension. However, there was no relationship between the hypotensive and natriuretic effects of alpha-hANP in either normal subjects or patients with essential hypertensions. The infusion of a 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP increased plasma cyclic GMP concentration from 4.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/ml to 34.3 +/- 25.Opmol/ml in normal subjects and from 4.5 +/- 2.6 pmol/ml to 20.3 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml in patients with essential hypertension. The rise in plasma cyclic GMP by alpha-hANP was suppressed by MC both in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. Urinary cyclic GMP excretion also increased during the infusion of alpha-hANP, but this effect was not suppressed by MC. Furthermore, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), which was depressed by alpha-hANP in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, was increased by MC. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect of alpha-hANP may depend not only on the natriuretic effect, but also on vasodilatation, the inhibition of aldosterone production or the suppression of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. Cyclic GMP may be produced through the DA2 receptor in vascular tissue but not in the kidney.
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PMID:[The significance of cGMP and dopamine receptor on the natriuretic and hypotensive activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential hypertension]. 215 11

The distribution of specific proteins in erythrocyte membranes was studied in patients with essential hypertension (EH) (n = 44), secondary hypertension of renal genesis (n = 42), and healthy persons (n = 44). Densitograms of gel analyzed after electrophoresis of erythrocyte ghosts showed a twofold increase in polypeptide levels in EH patients as compared to those in health persons: the band being 4.5 (Mw = 52-59 kD) and 6 (Mw = 35 kD), respectively. Radioimmunoassay has demonstrated that the amount of monoclonal antibodies bound to fragmented erythrocyte membranes from EH patients is greater by at least 28% than that in healthy persons. Patients with secondary arterial hypertension of renal genesis showed no significant difference in monoclonal antibody binding as compared to the controls.
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PMID:[Changes in the levels of erythrocyte membrane proteins in hypertension]. 233 59

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was developed to determine its plasma level. Anti-alpha-hANP rabbit serum was specific for the N-terminus and ring structure of alpha-hANP, and showed no appreciable cross-reactions with other neuropeptides. The lowest level of alpha-hANP detectable by this radioimmunoassay was 4 pg per tube. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.6-11.4% and 7.9-11.8%, respectively, and the recovery rates at 4 concentrations were 62.6-74.0%. The fasting plasma alpha-hANP concentration in normal subjects were 19.3 +/- 1.0 ng/l (mean +/- SE; n = 54), and there was no sex difference. The plasma alpha-hANP level in normal subjects fell significantly during water deprivation and increased significantly on infusion of hypertonic saline. The mean plasma levels of alpha-hANP were higher than normal in patients with essential hypertension, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure. Our results indicate that this radioimmunoassay is suitable for determining the alpha-hANP concentration in human plasma and can assess changes in pathological and physiological states.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide: method and results in normal subjects and patients with various diseases. 294 73

In this simple, sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP) in human plasma, nonspecific interference is minimized by deproteinizing the plasma by heat treatment at 85 degrees C for 10 min. We directly measure alpha-hANP in the supernates by RIA, with use of antiserum that recognizes the N-terminal region of alpha-hANP. The minimal detectable value was 0.4 pg per tube. The intra-assay CV was 6.6% (n = 8). The mean concentration of hANP in plasma of 54 healthy volunteers was 41 (SD 29) ng/L. Concentrations of hANP in plasma increased after saline infusion and high salt intake for one week in patients with essential hypertension. High concentrations were also measured in patients with renal failure and congestive heart failure. This method, which requires no extraction or purification with column chromatography, is especially useful for simultaneous measurement of several samples.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in heat-treated human plasma. 295 77

To investigate the significance of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in essential hypertension, we measured plasma ANP concentrations in 43 subjects with essential hypertension uncomplicated by cardiac or renal failure, in 16 subjects with borderline hypertension, and in 17 normotensive control subjects. Plasma ANP levels were significantly higher in hypertensive subjects compared to borderline hypertensive subjects (p less than 0.05) and normotensive control subjects (p less than 0.05). Hypertensive subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) had higher plasma ANP levels than the hypertensive group as a whole (p less than 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between mean blood pressure and plasma ANP level in the hypertensive group (n = 43, gamma = 0.77, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, plasma ANP level was decreased significantly after 4 weeks of effective antihypertensive therapy compared with the initial value (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that plasma ANP is frequently elevated in hypertensive subjects with markedly high blood pressure or LVH, and it can be reduced by effective therapy with antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Circulating atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential hypertension. 295 20

Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was applied to 16 clinical patients, 6 patients with essential hypertension, 7 patients with congestive heart failure and 3 patients with cirrhosis. Following intravenous bolus injection of 400 micrograms of synthetic alpha-hANP, a hypotensive effect of very rapid onset was found, which was more potent in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive cases. Cardiac functions were improved significantly with a similar time course as the depressor response in the cases of heart failure or hypertension. Hemodynamic observations showed a marked increase in cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, ejection fraction and ejection rate, and a concomitant decrease of the pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation in these subjects. In addition, the renal response to alpha-hANP induced obvious increases in urine volume, electrolytes and creatinine excretions in all the subjects. Finally, plasma levels of aldosterone, Arg-vasopressin and noradrenaline were also altered by alpha-hANP. No significant side effects were registered. The above result confirms the therapeutic actions of alpha-hANP in human subjects and opens the possibility to research alpha-hANP as a powerful pharmacological tool as well as potential new medicine for human disorders.
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PMID:Therapeutic actions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in 16 clinical cases. 295 43

Intravenous administration of a small dose of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP, 0.025 microgram/kg per min) decreased arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance to a similar extent in eight normotensive people and 11 untreated patients with essential hypertension. Cardiac output was slightly, but not significantly, increased in both groups. Urinary volume, urinary sodium excretion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly increased only in the hypertensives. However, net tubular reabsorption of sodium was enhanced in the hypertensives. Haematocrit (Ht) was increased in both groups. Although plasma renin activity (PRA) did not change in either group, plasma aldosterone was significantly decreased in the groups, with a greater change in the normotensives. These findings indicate that the hypotensive effect of alpha-hANP is due to the dilatation of resistant vessels, and that an increase in GFR, probably brought about by the combination of an increase in vascular permeability (as suggested by the changes in Ht) and high arterial pressure, is one of the main factors leading to the diuresis and natriuresis induced by alpha-hANP.
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PMID:The haemodynamic, renal and endocrine effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in normotensive people and patients with essential hypertension. 295 89


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