Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(2 alpha, 4 alpha, 5 alpha, 17 beta)-4, 5-[Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-androstane-2-carbonitrile (Trilostane, Win 24450) is a new, orally active, competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase currently being introduced into therapy of Cushing's disease and primary aldosteronism and being investigated in the treatment of low-renin essential hypertension. In adult male rats and in healthy, young, male volunteers the effect of trilostane on testosterone production was studied. Rats were treated with trilostane 150 mg or 300 mg/kg/d for 7 or 14 days. Testosterone in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay, testes were weighed and Leydig cell nuclear volume determined. In healthy volunteers, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and responses of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation were measured by radioimmunoassay before and during trilostane treatment (240 mg/d). In rats, trilostane treatment decreases testosterone and increases Leydig cell nuclear volumes without affecting testicular weight. In volunteers, basal testosterone is not changed during trilostane treatment but testosterone response to LHRH is impaired. DHEAS increases. LH or FSH levels are not altered. It is concluded that trilostane treatment may decrease testosterone synthesis.
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PMID:The inhibiting effect of trilostane on testosterone synthesis. Hormonal and morphologic alterations induced by subchronic trilostane treatment in rats and healthy volunteers. 640 30

This review summarizes the pathogenetic role of naturally occurring mutations of G protein genes in endocrine diseases. Although in vitro mutagenesis and transfection assays indicate that several G proteins have mitogenic potential, to date only two G proteins have been identified which harbor naturally occurring mutations, Gsalpha, the activator of adenylyl cyclase and Gi2alpha, which is involved in several functions, including adenylyl cyclase inhibition and ion channel modulation. The gene encoding Gsalpha (GNAS1) may be altered by loss or gain of function mutations. Indeed, heterozygous inactivating germ line mutations in this gene cause pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia, in which physical features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) are associated with resistance to several hormones, i.e. PTH, TSH and gonadotropins, that activate Gs-coupled receptors or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism in which AHO is the only clinical manifestation. Evidence suggests that the variable and tissue-specific hormone resistance observed in PHP Ia may result from tissue-specific imprinting of the GNAS1 gene, although the Gsalpha knockout model only in part reproduces the human AHO phenotype. Activating somatic Gsalpha mutations leading to cell proliferation have been identified in endocrine tumors constituted by cells in which cAMP is a mitogenic signal, i.e. GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas and Leydig cell tumors. When the same mutations occur very early in embryogenesis they cause McCune-Albright syndrome. Although these mutations would in principle confer growth advantage, studies failed to detect differences in the clinical and hormonal phenotypes, suggesting the existence of mechanisms able to counteract the activation of the cAMP pathway. Activating mutations of Gi2alpha have been identified in a subset of ovarian, adrenal and pituitary tumors, but their prevalence and significance are still controversial. Finally, although Galpha subunits are the only components of the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins which harbor known mutations, beta/gamma subunits should be considered possible targets of genetic alterations as suggested by the frequent presence of beta3 subunit variants in patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:G protein mutations in endocrine diseases. 1172 Aug 71