Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is commonly accepted that the tolerance to insulin and hyperglycemia of the patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is due to some defect of insulin receptors or disturbances in the signaling pathway of the cell. This disease is often accompanied by hypertension. In this paper the high activity of plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) (kallikrein activity was 6-8 times higher than normal), of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (4 times greater than normal), and of leukocyte elastase (2.7 times higher than normal) were demonstrated in plasma of patients with NIDDM. Increasing of KKS activity was coincident with rising of ACE activity, which may be the cause of the fast bradykinin inactivation and arising of hypertension. The treatment with ACE inhibitor during 3 months (4 mg of Perindopril per day) decreased ACE activity in patients' plasma which was accompanied with decreasing of the arterial pressure and some restoration of the carbohydrate metabolism indicators. The hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamping of 7 patients with NIDDM and essential hypertension showed that ACE-inhibitor (Perindopril, 4 mg) prevented bradykinin from destruction and increased the glucose consumption by tissues. The high activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and secretion of the elastase in NIDDM patients' plasma and/or instability of plasmatic and granular membranes of leukocyte in conditions of hyperglycaemic plasma are probably the cause of endothelial irritation and high ACE secretion. Secondly, the leukocyte may be the cause of injuring and decreasing of susceptibility of the cell receptors for insulin and bradykinin.
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PMID:[Possible participation of angiotensin-converting enzyme and leukocyte elastase in the pathogenesis of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. 963 24

This study aimed to investigate the role of different types and frequencies of physical exercise in biomarkers of oxidative stress among middle-aged and elderly community residents with essential hypertension in China. A community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 7 subdistricts. Individuals, 45-79 years old, with essential hypertension (n = 402) and without cardiovascular disease (n = 1047) were included. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were determined. Multilevel linear regression was used to estimate the associations between various types of physical exercise and oxidative stress biomarker levels. Participants engaged in high frequency walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga demonstrated decreased systolic blood pressure in both groups; however, diastolic blood pressure decreased only among individuals with hypertension participating in walking/square dancing. In individuals with hypertension, MDA levels decreased in those participating in walking/square dancing, SOD activity increased in those participating in walking/square dancing, and 4-HNE levels decreased in those involved in taiji/yoga. In individuals without cardiovascular disease, MDA levels decreased in those involved in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga, SOD activity increased in those performing walking/square dancing, and 4-HNE levels decreased in those involved in taiji/yoga. Oxidative stress marker levels also improved in those involved in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga groups as the exercise frequency increased. Thus, frequent participation in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga effectively decreases hypertension-related oxidative stress biomarker levels.
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PMID:Association between Physical Exercise and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress among Middle-Aged and Elderly Community Residents with Essential Hypertension in China. 3006 38