Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of signs of coronary insufficiency during prolonged combined treatment of essential hypertension was analysed in a selected group of 42 patients with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. During a four-year antihypertensive therapy 17% of patients developed angina pectoris on effort myocardial infarction occurred in 7%, and ischaemic ECG changes during bicycle ergometry or transoesophageal atrial pacing were detected in 36%. In the subgroup with an insufficient hypotensive effect and sustained severe myocardial hypertrophy the signs of coronary insufficiency occurred in 53%. Nevertheless, the attainment of a stable pressure normalization and regression of myocardial hypertrophy does not exclude the development of coronary insufficiency, even in patients treated with beta-adrenoblocking drugs.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:The development of coronary insufficiency during prolonged treatment of essential hypertension. 214 Mar 19

The study included 30 patients with borderline essential hypertension (HPT) (21 with a positive family history of hypertension, mean age 24.6 years, 9 with a negative family history, mean age 27.2 years) and 10 normotensive controls (mean age 27.5 years). In all of them 24-hour urinary noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) excretion was assayed. Blood levels of NA, A and dopamine, the prostacycline metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, beta-thromboglobulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured, LDL cholesterol was calculated according to the Friedewald equation. Besides, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity was assayed. Patients with HPT and a positive family history had elevated sympathetic and platelet activity and diminished 6-keto-PGF1 alpha blood levels. Their HDL cholesterol level was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. In patients with HPT and a positive family history of HPT the atherogenic index (total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio) was highest, but did not differ significantly from that in other groups. The assessment of the examined humoral factors indicates that patients with borderline HPT with genetic predisposition to high blood pressure have a humoral profile different from that of patients without genetic predisposition. These findings suggest the importance of genetic factors in the development of essential HPT.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Platelet activity, prostacycline metabolite, plasma lipids and sympathoadrenal activity in patients with borderline hypertension and a positive family history of hypertension. 214 90

Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total platelet aggregation (induced by adrenaline or ADP) were determined in twenty-eight normotensive subjects and thirty patients with untreated essential hypertension. After 7 days of treatment with prazosin in a dose of 2-8 mg daily the above measurements were repeated in eighteen essential hypertensive patients. A significant increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total adrenaline- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was found in hypertensives. Prazosin restored the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensives to normal, but it had no significant influence either on increased beta-thromboglobulin levels or on platelet aggregation. The results show that increased in vivo activation as well as increased platelet aggregation need not be restored to normal after effective decrease of blood pressure. The results suggest that a combination of drugs with an antihypertensive and antiplatelet (antiaggregating) effect (or use of a drug with both an antihypertensive and antiaggregating effect) can further decrease the development of severe complications of essential hypertension.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Beta-thromboglobulin and platelet aggregation in essential hypertension and the influence of prazosin therapy. 214 48

Using the radioligand binding method, the authors detected differences between the calcium antagonists Foridone (FOR), nifedipine (NIF), verapamil (VER) and diltiazem (DLT) in their interaction with cardiomyocyte membrane receptors. Further, in an acute pharmacodynamic trial performed in 88 patients with essential hypertension (EH) differences between the above calcium antagonists (CA) in their influence on the mechanisms of haemodynamic regulation were discovered. The study demonstrated that the choice of CA for prolonged monotherapy of EH on the basis of pharmacodynamic trial safeguards a better therapeutic effect compared with CA administration in a randomly selected patient group. FOR proved a promising antihypertensive agent highly effective without dependence on the initial haemodynamic type of the patient; NIF is indicated in EH patients with hypokinetic circulation, VER is more effective in patients with hyperkinetic circulation. DLT has a distinct but, compared with other CA, less pronounced antihypertensive effect.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Foridone and other calcium antagonists in the treatment of essential hypertension. 216 Mar 61

The reduction of transmembraneous calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells by calcium antagonists leads to a reduction of tension development and vascular tone. Calcium antagonists reduce forearm vascular resistance dose dependently and this effect can be successfully utilized for the treatment of essential hypertension where they act by reducing increased peripheral vascular resistance thereby normalizing the main haemodynamic derangement of hypertensive patients. In contrast to other direct acting vasodilators the antihypertensive effect is not accompanied by sympathetic reflex activation or volume retention making it feasible to use calcium antagonists as monotherapy for hypertensive patients. In view of the well documented efficacy, tolerability and an excellent safety profile calcium antagonists have become drugs of choice for treatment of hypertension in many patients. Although all calcium antagonists have been shown to lower blood pressure they differ with respect to their vasodilating potency and their negative inotropic effects. The development of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists which are potent arterial vasodilators but have little if any negative inotropic effects at clinically used dosages further improves the safety profile of calcium antagonists, particularly when used in hypertensive patients with impaired left ventricular function.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Place of calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension. 220 Jun 38

In a cross-over study, the effect of 25 mg urapidil infusion (U, Ebrantil 25, Byk-Gulden, FRG) on serotonin (5HT) metabolism and platelet aggregation (PA) was compared with the effect of placebo (P) in 7 patients with essential hypertension. No changes in 5HT and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) plasma levels and platelet 5HT content were observed. PA induced ex vivo by ADP decreased significantly. 5HIAA urinary excretion and fractional excretion (FE) increased, while 5HT renal metabolism changed only moderately. No changes in adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion were observed. In in vitro studies, U in therapeutic levels decreased ADP-induced PA and completely inhibited 5HT-induced PA (platelets of healthy volunteers). It is suggested that U has a direct antiaggregatory effect through 5HT2 receptors of platelets.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Acute effect of urapidil on peripheral serotonin metabolism. 222 76

In 40 patients with essential hypertension, the authors studied the haemodynamic resistance in forearm vessels before and after 15-min arterial occlusion, and changes in this parameter during a three-year combined antihypertensive treatment. The study revealed that the 15-min occlusion did not entirely suppress the contractile activity of vascular smooth muscles. Under these conditions, the minimum vascular resistance reflects the sum of structural and functional alterations. The character of change in minimal haemodynamic vascular resistance depends on the mechanism of action of the antihypertensive drugs. Administration of the post-synaptic alpha-adrenergic blocker Pratsiol produces a decrease in the minimal haemodynamic vascular resistance.
Cor Vasa 1990
PMID:Haemodynamic resistance of forearm vessels during prolonged drug treatment of essential hypertension. 234 Jul 28

The haemodynamic effect of one-week prazosin therapy was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension (9 of WHO stage I, 12 of stage II). There was a significant decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at rest after prazosin therapy in both stage I and II hypertensives. Under the condition of hyperosmolar load (after mannitol infusion), prazosin has no significant influence on the haemodynamics in stage I hypertensives. Contrastingly, in stage II essential hypertension, prazosin increased cardiac index, stroke volume index and decreased MABP and TPR in comparison with the values before therapy and after placebo. Microcirculation in the forearm and thigh muscles was not influenced. The results indicate that prazosin improves subclinical impairment of cardiac function, which is present in stage II and is so an advantageous antihypertensive drug preferable for stages II and higher of the disease.
Cor Vasa 1989
PMID:Haemodynamic effect of prazosin during hyperosmolar mannitol load in essential hypertension. 251 18

The proliferative response of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) - stimulated lymphocytes of healthy donors and hypertensive subjects was analysed according to 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell cycle phase position on a flow cytofluorimeter. 3H-thymidine uptake and the percentage of cells in (S + G2) phase were significantly lower in hypertensive patients. After short-term propranolol administration the lymphocyte blastogenic response in essential hypertension increased by 30--100%. The data suggest that the change in mitogenic response of lymphocytes in essential hypertension results from changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subclasses. The connection between the sympathoadrenal and immune system is discussed.
Cor Vasa 1988
PMID:Beta-blocker action on lymphocyte proliferative response in essential hypertension. 289 17

The acute haemodynamic effect of metoprolol was investigated in 14 patients with essential hypertension (7 of the WHO stage I, 7 of stage II). The evaluated parameters include the mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and capillary blood flow of the forearm muscle (CBF). Investigation was carried out within two days: the 1st day at rest and after an infusion of 20% mannitol, the 2nd day with additional previous intravenous administration of 5 mg of metoprolol. The findings were as follows: 1. There was a decrease of MBP, a slowdown of HR and a decrease of CBF after metoprolol both in hypertensives I and II. 2. The different haemodynamic response of the Ist and IInd stages of essential hypertension was manifested by a significant decrease of CI and an increase of TPR in hypertensives II (but not I) not only after the infusion of mannitol alone, but also after i.v. administration of metoprolol. The exaggerated haemodynamic response to acute metoprolol administration in essential hypertension II could be caused by latently impaired cardiac performance in this stage.
Cor Vasa 1988
PMID:Acute haemodynamic effect of metoprolol in essential hypertension. 313 53


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