Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental and clinical studies seem to prove that both endogenous opioids and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are involved in blood pressure regulation. This raised the question, whether these two factors are functionally interrelated to each other. We tried to answer this question by assessing plasma ANP levels in 15 patients with II degrees essential hypertension and in 15 healthy subjects under water immersion (WI) conditions. In all subjects two WI tests were performed--one without pretreatment with naloxone, and a second one after blockade of opioid receptors by this opioid receptor antagonist. Parallel to ANP, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALD) and vasopressin (AVP) were assessed. In hypertensive patients significantly higher basal plasma ANP levels were found than in control subjects. WI induced a significant increase of plasma ANP in both examined groups which became markedly reduced after blockade of opioid receptors by naloxone. Naloxone did not influence the WI induced decrease of PRA, ALD and AVP respectively. From results presented in this study we conclude, that a.) opioid receptors seem to influence regulation of ANP secretion both in healthy normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension, and b.) that WI induced alterations of ANP on the one side and of PRA, ALD and AVP on the other side are not interrelated.
 ...
PMID:Do opioid receptors participate in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in hypertensive patients? 133 Mar 91

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of nebivolol on blood pressure, plasma renin and vasoactive hormones (aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide) and the heart (arrhythmias, left ventricular mass and ejection fraction) in 32 hypertensive Chinese patients aged 25-65 years. Patients received either placebo (3 men, 11 women) or nebivolol 5 mg (5 men, 13 women) once daily for 4 weeks. In the nebivolol group, a significant decrease in blood pressures (P less than 0.001) and heart rate (P less than 0.01) was seen. Nebivolol therapy also suppressed plasma renin and aldosterone concentration (P less than 0.02) but increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (P less than 0.03). No significant changes in routine blood biochemistry were demonstrated in either group. There was a tendency for left ventricular mass to decline, and left ventricular ejection fraction to rise during nebivolol therapy, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant change in ectopic activity. None of the 32 subjects had adverse experiences requiring cessation of therapy. In conclusion, nebivolol in a dose of 5 mg daily is effective and well tolerated in patients with essential hypertension. It suppresses plasma renin and aldosterone and stimulates plasma atrial natriuretic peptide.
 ...
PMID:The application of nebivolol in essential hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. 135 88

Possible counterregulatory neurohumoral and hemodynamic responses to carvedilol (a new vasodilating nonselective beta-receptor blocker) were studied in 19 men with essential hypertension (age range, 34-59 years; mean age, 44 years). Intra-arterial pressure, cardiac output (Cardio-green), heart rate, and the vasoactive peptides norepinephrine, epinephrine, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured at rest supine and sitting and during 100-W bicycle exercise before and 2 h after administration of 25 mg carvedilol. The same protocol was followed after 9 months of chronic carvedilol treatment (mean dose, 52 mg/day). Carvedilol induced both acute and chronic reductions (at rest supine, 11%) in mean arterial pressure, due in part to reduction in cardiac output (5%) and in part to reduction in total peripheral resistance (5%). At rest supine, carvedilol induced a reduction in ANP (27%) that could be viewed as a counterregulatory response to decrease in cardiac output, preventing excessive blood pressure reduction. ANP decreased (18%) when the patient sat up from the supine position and increased (67%) during exercise, but no further change was seen after acute or chronic carvedilol treatment. With the patient in the sitting position, norepinephrine was 110% higher than at rest supine; during 100-W exercise, norepinephrine increased 368%. A further increase (38-86% in the three situations, respectively) was seen after the first dose of carvedilol. Epinephrine showed similar but less marked changes. Neither extracellular fluid volume nor plasma volume (isotope dilution techniques) changed significantly during the study, but the acute blood pressure response to carvedilol was directly related to changes in extracellular fluid volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of carvedilol on atrial natriuretic peptide, catecholamines, and hemodynamics in hypertension at rest and during exercise. 137 57

To assess the relation of the two natriuretic hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and digitalis-like natriuretic factor (DLF), to hypertension, levels of ANP and DLF were measured under basal conditions and after salt and water loading in 31 normal subjects and 36 and 57 patients with Stage I or II essential hypertension (EH). DLF levels were higher in normal women than men; in EH-II patients, DLF levels were elevated among men but subnormal in women (P less than .02) and rose with water loading in both genders. In all groups ANP levels tended to be higher in women. Water loading increased ANP levels in EH-I patients (P less than .001) and caused less marked increases of ANP in control and EH-II women and men. ANP also tended to increase with salt loading. Both DLF and ANP were related to blood pressure in the subject groups (r = 0.75 to 0.96 and r = 0.27 to 0.75, respectively) and were also related to each other (r = 0.20 to 0.47). The role of ANP and DLF in hypertension are likely to be compensatory and directed against water-electrolyte metabolism disorders associated with elevated arterial pressure.
 ...
PMID:Atrial and digitalis-like natriuretic hormones in essential hypertension under functional loading. 138 63

The association of liver cirrhosis with arterial essential hypertension has been previously described. The present study extends the previous reports by investigating the hormonal relationships that may occur in patients with established essential hypertension associated to liver cirrhosis. We studied the renin-angiotensin, the adrenergic systems and other vasoactive hormones such as arginine-vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin and parathyroid hormone in cirrhotic patients with and without essential hypertension. The data suggested that the coincidence of arterial hypertension in cirrhotic patients was characterized by the following findings: a decreased renin-angiotensin activity; a reduced systemic vasodilatation; an increased peripheral pressor effect of vasoactive hormones and an increased effective blood volume.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal aspects of the relation of liver cirrhosis to essential hypertension. 139 76

The levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in response to graded adrenaline infusion were determined in six patients with essential hypertension and six healthy normotensive subjects (controls). Basal plasma adrenaline concentration was similar in both groups and rose progressively and to a similar level during adrenaline infusion. Plasma noradrenaline rose in both groups and to the same extent during the 26 and 39 ng/kg/min adrenaline infusion rates. Basal plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels were higher in the hypertensives than in the controls. Graded adrenaline infusion had no effect on atrial natriuretic peptide levels in the controls but significantly raised atrial natriuretic peptide levels in the hypertensives. Systolic blood pressure rose progressively during adrenaline infusion at a lower infusion rate in the hypertensives than in the controls. Similarly, while heart rate rose during adrenaline infusion in both groups, there was a greater rise in the hypertensives. The increased cardiovascular responsiveness to adrenaline infusion in patients with essential hypertension may explain why plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels rose only in this group and not the normotensive subjects.
 ...
PMID:Elevation of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide occurs during adrenaline infusion in hypertensive but not normotensive subjects. 142 98

1. This study investigated the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on renin release from the kidney. The in vitro direct effect was examined in the animal experiment using renal cortical slices of rat, and the in vivo effect was observed in the human infusion study. 2. In the in vitro experiments, alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) ranging 10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L did not change the basal renin release rate from the renal cortical slices (-9% at 10(-6) mol/L, NS). Isoproterenol (10(-6) mol/L) increased renin release by 40% (P < 0.001), whereas angiotensin II (10(-6) mol/L) suppressed it by 48% (P < 0.001). However, alpha-hANP did not affect the stimulative effect of isoproterenol or the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II. 3. Also in the human study, infusion of 25 ng/kg per min alpha-hANP failed to change the plasma renin activity in normotensive subjects (-4%) or patients with essential hypertension (+5%), or even in patients with raised renin levels such as renovascular hypertension (+10%) or congestive heart failure (-13%). 4. These results put forth negative views on the direct involvement of atrial natriuretic peptide in renin release from the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
 ...
PMID:In vivo and in vitro effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on renin release. 142

Diurnal change of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was investigated in 12 patients with hypertension due to chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 12 patients with essential hypertension (EH) of comparable degree. Blood pressure (BP) monitoring was performed at 15-min intervals, while peripheral blood samples were obtained at 4-hour intervals starting from 8.00 h. The mean 24-hour plasma levels (+/- SEM) of ANP were 24.3 +/- 1.8 pmol/l in EH and 23.4 +/- 1.2 pmol/l in CRF. In EH, plasma ANP concentration was highest at 4.00 h (33.5 +/- 0.8 pmol/l) and lowest at 16.00 h (15.5 +/- 0.6 pmol/l). In CRF, no significant circadian change was present (22.2 +/- 3.1 and 20.4 +/- 3.6 pmol/l, respectively), and the nocturnal fall in BP was lost. Our data demonstrate that in CRF the loss and possible reversal of the nocturnal decline in BP is associated with the disappearance of any significant circadian variation in the circulating concentrations of ANP. These findings suggest a role for ANP in the alteration of BP variability of CRF, possibly mediated by autonomic dysfunction, and are further evidence for the existence of a relation between the circadian rhythms of ANP and BP.
 ...
PMID:Loss of nocturnal increase in plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive chronic renal failure. 145 Nov 18

Sodium balance plays a primary role in blood pressure regulation. Atrial natriuretic peptide, a recently discovered natriuretic substance, seems to participate in renal sodium handling, but its behavior in essential hypertension has not been fully defined. In our study, to avoid the "contamination" of factors other than hypertension, we evaluated the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in young men at military draft age. Our main results showed that plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels are higher in young hypertensives with low plasma renin activity and low urinary excretion of active kallikrein. The influence of a positive genetic background for essential hypertension on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels was also investigated. Our data showed slightly elevated levels of the atrial hormone in young normotensives with a family history of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac and renal sodium-modulating hormones in juvenile arterial hypertension. The physiopathological aspects and therapeutic results of a trial at the Policlinico Militare Celio in Rome]. 149 65

Sixteen middle-aged men with primary hypertension were treated with the calcium antagonist isradipine over a 9-week period in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over manner. At the end of the intervention period the urinary albumin excretion rate, systemic and renal haemodynamics, haemorheological properties of blood and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide, noradrenaline and peripheral renin activity were determined. Treatment with isradipine resulted in a substantial reduction in blood pressure due to a reduction in peripheral resistance. The mean albumin excretion rate was not influenced by the isradipine treatment. In a multivariate analysis, changes in the urinary albumin excretion rate were only related to changes in blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Calcium antagonism in essential hypertension: effect on renal haemodynamics and microalbuminuria. 153 13


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>