Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In response to an acute saline load, many patients with essential hypertension exhibit an exaggerated natriuresis relative to normotensive controls. In the present study, the urinary responses of conscious,Okamoto-strain, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and Wistar-Kyoto strain normotensive rats (NTR) to an acute saline load were evaluated to determine if a similar exaggerated natruiresis exists in this form of hypertension. Twelve rats of each strain per group (12 weeks of age) were housed in metabolism cages for 1 week. Systolic blood pressures (tail cuff) were significantly different (206+/- 9 mm. Hg in SHR and 135 +/- 3 mm. Hg in NTR). After a 4-hour control urine collection, 6 ml. of 0.9 per cent sodium chloride were given by gavage. Urine was collected again for 2 hours. Control urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, and creatinine in SHR and NTR were 11.2 +/- 4.8 muEq per hour, 50.1 +/- 7.6 muEq per hour, and 39.9 +/- 5.5 mg. per hour in SHR, and 13.8 +/- 2.4 muEq per hour, 34.9 +/- 5.5 muEq per hour, and 37.5 +/- 7.1 mg. per hour in NTR, respectively. The respective control values for sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in the two groups were not significantly different. Following the saline load, sodium and creatinine excretion rates were significantly elevated in both groups of rats. However, the increase in sodium excretion in SHR (60.8 +/- 7.2 MUEq per hour) was more than double and significantly different from that of the NTR (26.6 +/- 3.7 muEq per hour). In contrast, the increments in creatinine excretion in the two groups of rats were not significantly different from each other. In the NTS, urinary potassium excretion was significantly elevated (59.0 +/- 7.9 muEq per hour) whereas in SHR it was not significantly altered (12.0 +/- 8.8 muEq per hour). The change in urinary creatinine excretion as an index of change in glomerular filtration rate suggests that the greater increase in sodium excretion by the SHR was the result of decreased fractional reabsorption of sodium and not the result of a greater increase in glomerular filtration rate. The exaggerated natriuretic response to salt loading in SHR resembles that in hypertensive man except that in SHR, a simultaneous kaliuretic response is absent.
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PMID:Exaggerated natriuresis in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. 124 91

Both leptin and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can influence the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, water and electrolyte metabolism as well as vascular remodelling, which are all involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. Thus leptin and the RAS may act together in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The present study aimed to answer the following question: does an interrelationship exist between leptinaemia and the plasma renin activity (PRA) profile in normotensive and hypertensive subjects? Forty-three patients with essential hypertension (EHP) (23 females, 20 males, mean age 39.0 +/- 1.8 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 26. 8 +/- 0.6 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure (MAP) 123 +/- 2 mm Hg) and 32 healthy subjects (NTS) (18 females, 14 males, mean age 38.6 +/- 2. 2 years, mean BMI 25.4 +/- 0.5 kg/m2, MAP 95 +/- 1 mm Hg) were examined. Plasma leptin levels were estimated once after the administration of a diet containing 100-120 mmol Na/day and after overnight 8-h recumbency. PRA was estimated twice: first after the administration of a diet containing 100-120 mmol Na day and overnight 8-h recumbency (PRA I), and a second time after 3 days of sodium restriction (20 mmol Na/day), and 3 h of upright position (PRA II). Antihypertensive drugs were withdrawn 7 days before the study. In EHP plasma leptin concentration was insignificantly higher than in NTS (14.0 +/- 2.0 vs10.8 +/- 1.5 ng/ml respectively). Only females with hypertension showed a significant positive correlation between plasma leptin concentrations (expressed as the logarithmic values) and PRA I. Using the multiple regression analysis, in all studied subjects (EHP and NTS together), logarithm (log) of plasma leptin concentrations was significantly related to gender, BMI and MAP. Multiple regression analysis performed separately for EHP or NTS revealed a significant relation of log plasma leptin concentrations with gender and BMI. A significant correlation was found between log leptinaemia values and BMI, mean and systolic blood pressure respectively if the whole group of subjects (EHP+NTS) or EHP and NTS separately were analysed. Especially in hypertensive women a highly significant correlation was found between log plasma leptin concentrations and MAP. We conclude that a significant relationship between leptinaemia and PRA does exist in females with EH and that participation of both PRA and leptin in the pathogenesis of EH in females seems to be likely.
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PMID:Relationship between plasma renin profile and leptinaemia in patients with essential hypertension. 1096 18