Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A competitive bradykinin enzymeimmunoassay (BK-EIA) for the determination of urinary kinins was developed. The BK-EIA was based on a stable BK-peroxidase conjugate and a BK-antirabbit-antiserum. Compared with a healthy control group, a significantly lower mean kinin excretion was found in patients with essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Kinin excretion in urine in normal adults and patients with essential hypertension determined by an enzymeimmunoassay. 306 64

This study examined the immunohistochemical findings in renal arterioles from biopsy specimens, and related the findings to those of light and electron microscopy. The renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 57 normotensive patients with primary glomerular diseases or idiopathic hematuria, 14 hypertensive patients with associated primary glomerular diseases, 4 patients with essential hypertension and 1 with primary aldosteronism. The tissue slices for the immunohistochemical study were processed with FITC-labelled rabbit antihuman immunoglobulin antisera. Deposits of IgM were detected on the renal arterioles in 16 of the hypertensive patients (84%), but in only 7 of the normotensive patients (12%). The difference in incidence was significant (p less than 0.005). C3 was almost always deposited in the renal arterioles regardless of whether the patient was hypertensive or normotensive. IgG, IgA or fibrinogen were demonstrated only in a few cases, and albumin in no cases. When sections stained with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-IgM antibody were compared under a light microscope with the adjacent PAS-stained sections, it was demonstrated that IgM was deposited only in the portions of the arteriolar walls which showed hyalinotic changes. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated that electron-dense deposits in the subendothelial or intercellular spaces of arteriolar walls were more frequent in the hypertensive patients (11 of 14 cases, 79%) than in the normotensive patients (5 of 18 cases, 28%, p less than 0.05). The deposits appeared to be similar to those which are often found in the glomeruli of patients with glomerulonephritis and which are considered to be immune complexes. These findings suggest that some immunologic mechanism mediated by IgM antibody might be a factor in the development of hypertensive vascular lesions.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of renal vascular lesions in hypertensive patients. 400 67

It is known that the peroxidation of LDL is a trigger for developing arteriosclerosis. The oxidized LDL is produced by either oxidative stress or a few oxidant. Selenium decreased in serum and some organs of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), which is a cofactor of glutamine peroxidase. Serum magnesium decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, with ischemic heart disease, with essential hypertension and with cerebral vascular lesions. Calcium to magnesium ratio was higher in some organs of SHRSP as compared to Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). These changes accelerated vascular lesions in SHRSP.
 ...
PMID:[Overview--suppression effect of essential trace elements on arteriosclerotic development and it's mechanism]. 858 7

Overall, forty-five patients with essential hypertension (EH) were examined. EH patients revealed dysbalance between lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. These disorders were found to correlate, to a certain extent, with severity of the malady, and to affect the character of the course of the process. Enalapril in a dose of 2.5 to 20 mg for 15 days, along with its hypotensive effect, has an antioxidant action on the metabolic processes at the expense of increase in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense, such as catalase and peroxidase, which fact leads to augmentation of the antiperoxidative potential and prevention of further EH progression.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of enalapril maleate on the lipid peroxidation processes and on the body's antioxidant system in patients with hypertension]. 1042 94

This study was performed to clarify the relationship between changes in contractile proteins in renal vascular walls and the prognosis of hypertension during pregnancy. Twenty preeclamptic patients underwent renal biopsies after delivery and were divided into the following three groups: group I, patients with persistent hypertension after delivery (n = 7; mean age, 34.8 +/- 1.4 years [SE]); group II, patients who became normotensive after delivery and hypertensive again during follow-up (n = 5; mean age, 34.8 +/- 1.6 years), and group III, patients who became normotensive after delivery (n = 8; mean age, 28.0 +/- 1.0 years). We also examined age-matched healthy controls (group IV; n = 7; mean age, 34.9 +/- 1.5 years). Renal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method using antimonoclonal smooth muscle cell myosin heavy chain isoform antibodies (SM-1, SM-2) and antimonoclonal alpha-smooth muscle cell actin antibody (actin). We estimated and semiquantitatively scored the degree of staining in each section. In interlobular arteries, SM-1, SM-2, and actin staining in group I were significantly reduced compared with group IV (SM-1, SM-2, P: < 0.05; actin, P: < 0.01). In afferent arterioles (Afs), SM-1, SM-2, and actin staining were reduced in group I. SM-2 staining in group I was significantly reduced compared with the other three groups (versus group II, P: < 0.05; versus groups III and IV, P: < 0.01). These findings suggest that phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (especially the disappearance of SM-2 in Afs) reflect the stage of underlying essential hypertension and can predict from the change in hypertension during pregnancy whether it will persist after delivery.
 ...
PMID:Renal vascular walls in patients with preeclampsia superimposed on essential hypertension. 1127 72

Very little information is available concerning the relationship between metallothionein (MT) and diseases in humans. Several methods to measure MT levels exist but many of these assays are not sensitive to measure MT in human sera. A new sensitive competitive ELISA system has been developed using MT labeled with horseradish peroxidase as a conjugate and high-titre polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbit immunoglobulin G for MT determination in human sera. The cELISA proposed here permits a reliable determination of MT in the range 10-2 000 000 pg ml(-1). The method was compared with Cd-hem assay and showed good agreement of results. The recovery of the assay was determined by spiking rat MT into rat and human sera, and comparing it with spiked diluent controls. The overall recoveries of the added MT were 101% for rat sera and 89% for human sera. The variation within-assay and between assay were 3 and 6%, respectively. A significant difference (P<0.001) was found between the MT-level in human sera from patient with essential hypertension (646+/-223 ng ml(-1), n=90) and normotensive subjects (21+/-18 ng ml(-1), n=236). A correlation between arterial hypertension and MT-level seems possible. A very sensitive new cELISA method was presented for determination of MT in sera and tissues. It enables investigation of possible correlations between sera MT-concentration and certain diseases.
 ...
PMID:New competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of metallothionein in tissue and sera. 1896 54

The present study was planned to access the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in essential hypertension. Malondialdehyde is one of the by-products of lipid peroxidase and so extent of lipid peroxidation was measured by estimating malondialdehyde levels, nitrite concentration was used as an index of nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status was measured in terms of total antioxidant capacity. One hundred and eighty cases with essential hypertension and 60 volunteers as healthy controls were selected for the study. The subjects under study were grouped as pregeriatric (35-50 years) and geriatric (51-65 years). These cases were further subdivided into group I (mild), group II (moderate) and group III (severe), depending upon the levels of blood pressure. The study results showed statistically significant increased levels of serum malondialdehyde in all the groups of essential hypertensive patients when compared to that of healthy controls (p < 0.001), whereas levels of serum nitric oxide and total anti-oxidant capacity were significantly decreased in all groups of essential hypertensive patients when compared to those of controls (p < 0.001). These clear findings of the present study focuses the attention towards an alteration in the status of oxidants and anti-oxidant parameters indicating an impact of free radical action in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in essential hypertension. 2476 94