Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When the function of the renin system is inhibited, blood pressure becomes more dependent on changes in sodium and water balance. Diuretics alone and sodium restriction alone are additive to converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. However, it is not known if these two ways of reducing sodium balance are additive in the presence of established converting enzyme inhibition. We therefore performed a double-blind crossover study of the effects of moderate sodium restriction in 21 patients with essential hypertension who were already being treated with the combination of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic. After 1 month of captopril (50 mg twice daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily) therapy, with their usual sodium intake, average supine blood pressure was 147/96 +/- 5/3 (SEM) mm Hg 2 hours after treatment. Patients then reduced their sodium intake to around 80-100 mmol/day for the remainder of the study. After 2 weeks of sodium restriction, they entered a double-blind, randomized, crossover study of Slow Sodium (100 mmol sodium/day) compared with Slow Sodium placebo, while continuing sodium restriction and the above treatment. During the double-blind study, after 1 month of treatment with captopril (50 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily), and Slow Sodium placebo, supine blood pressure 2 hours after treatment was 138/88 +/- 4/2 mm Hg (24-hour urinary sodium 104 +/- 11 mmol). After 1 month of captopril (50 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily), and Slow Sodium tablets, supine blood pressure 2 hours after treatment was 147/91 +/- 5/2 mm Hg (p less than 0.05; 24-hour urinary sodium 195 +/- 14 mmol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Sodium restriction in hypertensive patients treated with a converting enzyme inhibitor and a thiazide. 204 42

In order to clarify the role of renal dopaminergic activity in renal sodium-water metabolism, the effects of oral administration of L-DOPA (400 mg), were studied on blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), urinary volume (UV), urinary excretion of sodium and lithium (UNa and ULi) in 11 normal subjects (N) and 32 patients with essential hypertension (EH). EH were divided into the salt sensitive (SS) and non salt-sensitive (NSS) groups by response of mean blood pressure (10% increase) after administration of NaCl. The change of UNa, PRA, and PAC after administration of NaCl were lower in SS than in NSS. After administration of L-DOPA, BP falled and UV, UNa, FENa, FELi and Ccr increased in both N and EH. The change of these factors were greater in SS as compared with those in NSS. These results suggest that in SS patients the suppression of water-sodium handling in the kidney might be due to depression of renal dopaminergic activity. Renal dopaminergic activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EH.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of renal dopamine on pathogenesis of essential hypertension]. 206 17

The quality of water analyzed in 60 locations for hardness, magnesium and iodine, for its possible relationship with essential hypertension, ignored in case-control models, and for its relationship with mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. The study of the independence between each of the variables and the number of unknown hypertense persons shows a statistically significant association. For each of the factors, an estimate was made of the relative risk and the etiological fraction in the displays, with their confidence intervals. The highest degree of association was with low concentrations of magnesium, associated with a risk of hypertension which was 3.61 times greater. The association holds for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, only for hardness and magnesium.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship of several physico-chemical components in drinking water, hypertension and cardiovascular disease mortality]. 213 20

To study the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on body fluid volume regulation, we estimated the changes in intra- and extravascular fluid volume by measuring hematocrit (Hct), plasma protein concentration and water balance, and the changes in intra- and extracellular fluid volume by the electrical impedance method during intravenous infusion of ANP. We did two studies, as follows: ANP was infused into 18 patients with essential hypertension, 29 with renal parenchymal hypertension and 15 normotensives at 0.025 microgram/kg/min for 40 min. Both hypertensive groups showed greater natriuretic responses to ANP than normotensives. ANP infusion into essential hypertensive patients increased the urinary excretion of water by 125%, Na by 205%, Hct by 4.2% and plasma total protein (TP) by 5.2% (each P less than .001). In 9 patients (1 with renal hypertension and 8 normotensives) who did not show a natriuretic response (-2.1%), the infusion of ANP also significantly increased Hct (3.8%) and plasma TP (3.1%, each P less than .01). The electrical impedance method was applied to 12 subjects to simultaneously detect the intracellular (Ri) and extracellular resistivities (Re), of which reciprocals reflect the fluid volume in the extra- and intracellular spaces, respectively. ANP infusion increased Re in all subjects (3.96 +/- 0.16 [SE] v 4.03 +/- 0.16 omega.m, P less than .05), but decreased Ri in 7. Changes in urinary Na excretion correlated positively with those in both Re (r = 0.62, P less than .05) and Ri (r = 0.75, P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The extrarenal effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on body fluid distribution. 213 3

The heart atrium, as well as under certain pathophysiological conditions the ventricle, synthesize and release ANP. Exerting natriuretic, diuretic and vasorelaxant effects, this peptide plays an important role in the body's blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis. Whereas the pharmacological actions of ANP have been quite convincingly demonstrated, its physiological and pathophysiological role is less well defined. ANP plasma levels tend to be increased in diseases with salt and water retention, such as essential hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure or liver cirrhosis. With regard to its hemodynamic effects, ANP seems to be beneficial in patients with hypertension. ANP appears to have little therapeutic potential as a diuretic in patients with congestive heart failure and liver cirrhosis, possibly due to the decreased renal responsiveness to ANP in these diseases. However, ANP might to be a valuable therapeutic agent in acute renal failure.
 ...
PMID:[Atrial natriuretic peptide. II. Pathophysiology and possible clinical significance. Review]. 214 57

The effect of underwater exercise on the course of essential hypertension was studied using an original radiometric system "Pool" specially devised to measure muscular effort in water. Remote ECG registration promoted setting graded muscular loads varying with myocardial reserve and arterial pressure. The loads proved effective in sanatorium treatment of hypertensive patients.
 ...
PMID:[The role of medical gymnastics in a swimming pool in the rehabilitation of hypertension patients]. 214 96

In a comparative study the influence of changes in dietary sodium intake on blood pressure, renal function, extracellular fluid volume, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) was investigated in 12 patients with essential hypertension and in 10 normotensive controls. The subjects were studied after 4 days on a low (50 mmol/day), medium (180 mmol/day) or high (380 mmol/day) sodium intake. Renal sodium handling was assessed by simultaneous measurements of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), lithium and sodium clearances. Identical values for the extracellular fluid volume, glomerular filtration rate and proximal and distal tubular resorption rates of sodium and water were found in the hypertensive patients and the controls at all three levels of sodium intake. In both groups, raising the sodium intake from low to high significantly increased 51Cr-EDTA and lithium clearance (an indirect measure of end-proximal fluid delivery), with intermediate values for the medium-sodium diet. The estimated values of fractional proximal and distal sodium resorption decreased when sodium intake was raised; the absolute proximal sodium resorption rate did not change, whereas the absolute distal sodium resorption rate as well as the extracellular fluid volume and sodium clearance increased. Blood pressure and the heart rate were unaffected by sodium intake. In both hypertensives and controls, plasma concentrations of active renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone decreased with increasing sodium intake, arginine vasopressin did not change, and atrial natriuretic factor and cyclic GMP increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Normal renal tubular response to changes of sodium intake in hypertensive man. 215 2

The authors analyze the results of the surgical treatment of patients with progressive essential hypertension (PEN). The treatment involved cryodestruction (adrenalectomy) of the right adrenal and autotransplantation of the left adrenal on the vascular peduncle into the transverse mesentery. Before the operation the data on water-salt homeostasis, central and cerebral hemodynamics and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system attested to PEH. 1 to 3 years after the operation natriuresis was revealed (210% of the initial value), as were a decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance, amelioration of the cerebral blood flow and peripheral blood aldosterone lowering from 246 +/- 17 to 90 +/- 14 sh/ml.
 ...
PMID:[The indications for the suppression of adrenal hyperfunction in a progressive course of hypertension]. 228 10

The role of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in the maintenance phase of essential hypertension has not yet been clearly defined. Renal function and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were studied in four Yucatan miniature swine (YMS) with established DOCA hypertension prior to and for 3 weeks after surgical renal denervation (RDX). During the first week post-RDX, MAP decreased from 141 /+- 6 to 121 +/- 3 mm Hg (P less than .05), while sodium balance increased from 0.32 +/- 0.05 to 0.95 +/- 0.14 mEq/kg/day (P less than .05). By 3 weeks post-RDX, MAP remained below normotensive levels while sodium balance returned to the pre-RDX value. There was no significant change in potassium or water balance after RDX. Thus, in DOCA-YMS the renal nerves are important in the maintenance of hypertension. The reduction in MAP with RDX in the absence of a natriuresis suggests a role for renal afferent nerve activity.
 ...
PMID:Renal denervation decreases blood pressure in DOCA-treated miniature swine with established hypertension. 230 30

The prescription of cardiac glycosides is usually controlled by immunological measurement of their plasma concentration. The observation of false positive digoxin measurements in patients free of this drug and the hypothesis that endogenous digitalis-like compounds might participate in body sodium and water homeostasis have led us to investigate the presence in plasma of compounds interacting with digoxin-antibodies under various physiological and pathological conditions in man and rats. The apparent levels of digoxin-equivalents in plasma of healthy control subjects (n = 21) and patients with essential hypertension (n = 48) or end-stage renal failure (n = 13) were 24.7 +/- 3.2, 34.4 +/- 4.4 and 98.7 +/- 17.4 pg/ml, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively. Positive correlations were observed between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the apparent immunoreactivity of either whole or deproteinized plasma, in particular when only male subjects were considered. No relationship was found with the renal Na+ excretion or the plasma renin activity and the apparent immunoreactivity of the plasma. Its levels were however correlated with its ability to inhibit ouabain binding to the erythrocyte Na+ pump and to its capacity to reduce the renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity. In rats with experimental hypertension, induced by chronic excess salt intake either alone or associated with reduced renal mass, the cross reactivity with antidigoxin antibodies was also enhanced when compared to control rats (71.6 +/- 10.2 pg/ml, n = 12 and 57.3 +/- 5.0 pg/ml, n = 33 respectively compared to 43.4 +/- 3.7 pg/ml, n = 36, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Compounds of the digoxin type in essential and experimental hypertension]. 243 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>