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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) created in breathing gas hypoxia mixture (10% oxygen, 90% nitrogen) was evaluated in 123 patients with essential hypertension stage I and II. Hypoxia adaptation effects on central hemodynamics, physical performance, kinetics of oxygen exchange were studied. A pronounced response to INH persistent for 6 months was demonstrated in 80.5% of the patients. The reduction of the arterial pressure resulted from different mechanisms depending on hemodynamic type. Physical performance of the patients rose, oxygen consumption and transport normalized.
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PMID:[The possibilities of using intermittent normobaric hypoxia for treating hypertension patients]. 798 44

Clinical and functional condition was examined for 75 patients with essential hypertension stage I and II who had developed adaptation to normobaric cyclic-fractionated hypoxia. The latter was produced by gas hypoxic mixture (10% oxygen, 90% nitrogen) in its inhalation. A pronounced positive effect of such treatment modality was registered in 86.7% of the patients and persisted for 6 months and more in 84.3%. A normal correlation was achieved of cardiac ejection to peripheral vascular resistance, this reducing arterial pressure. An optimal hemodynamic response arose to the hypoxic effects which also improved psychoemotional status of the patients.
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PMID:[The evaluation of the efficacy of adaptation to intermittent normobaric hypoxia as a method for treating hypertension]. 826 80

Patients with essential hypertension exhibit blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses, which may be largely attributable to reduced bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we measured the end product of NO, nitrate plus nitrite (nitrogen oxide), and examined the relationship between the degree of hypertension and plasma nitrate plus nitrite levels in patients with essential hypertension. The combined plasma concentration of nitrate plus nitrite, end products of NO metabolism, was reduced in individuals with essential hypertension relative to that in control subjects (15.7+/-1.1 versus 22.8+/-1.4 mmol x L(-1), P<.001); individuals with borderline hypertension showed values that were intermediate between those of the other two groups (18.2+/-1.2 mmol x L(-1), P<.001). The plasma nitrogen oxide concentration showed significant inverse correlations with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The basal concentration of nitrogen oxide in the plasma was reduced, at least in the peripheral circulation, in individuals with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Reduced plasma concentrations of nitrogen oxide in individuals with essential hypertension. 931 24

Arotinolol hydrochloride with alpha-and beta-receptor blocking action, developed in Japan, is mainly used for the treatment of hypertension. The study population consisted of 42 outpatients with essential hypertension with a blood pressure greater or equal to 160/96 mmHg. 10 men and 32 women, with a mean age of 77.5 year. The patients received 10 mg arotinolol hydrochloride daily for 24 weeks which was taken orally twice a day. We evaluated the changes of blood pressure, heart rate and chief complaints of patients before and every 4 weeks during treatment and the renal function before, 12 weeks after and 24 weeks after, the administration of arotinolol hydrochloride. Blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly after 4 weeks of treatment with arotinolol hydrochloride (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum albumin, beta2-microglobuline, NAG or creatinine clearance during the 24 weeks of treatment. These results indicate that arotinolol hydrochloride has antihypertensive effects without renal dysfunction in elderly patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of arotinolol hydrochloride and its influence on renal function in elderly patients with essential hypertension]. 1055 61

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 unsaturated fatty acid derived from fish oils. The precise mechanisms of DHA actions are still obscure. Especially, the antihypertensive effect of DHA has not yet been elucidated. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) provide the best available model for essential hypertension and stroke. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of long term administration of DHA on blood pressure and stroke-related behavior in SHRSP. The blood pressure of DHA-treated SHRSP was lowered significantly as compared with that of non-treated SHRSP. DHA produced an ameliorative effect on the decreased passive avoidance response in SHRSP. DHA also improved the behavioral changes in spontaneous motor activity of SHRSP. DHA-treated SHRSP produced a significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, lipid peroxide, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen as compared with those in non-treated SHRSP. These findings indicate that the DHA-induced antihypertensive action may be associated with the amelioration of both serum lipid alteration and renal dysfunction in non-treated SHRSP. Moreover, DHA-treated SHRSP maintain the normal levels of acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These findings demonstrated that DHA produced an ameliorative effect on cholinergic nerve dysfunction in SHRSP. The improved cholinergic nerve function induced by DHA might have an inhibitory effect on stroke-related behavior in SHRSP. The present study suggests that long term administration of DHA may suppress the development of hypertension and stroke-related behavioral changes in SHRSP.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effect of docosahexaenoic acid in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats]. 1092 Jul 15

The present study was carried out to investigate whether the renal resistive index (RRI), obtained by ultrasonic duplex scanning, is useful for the evaluation of renal arteriosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients. We also studied the relationships between RRI and other kinds of hypertensive target-organ damage, including carotid atherosclerosis. One hundred and two patients (56.4+/-9.4 years) with untreated mild or moderate essential hypertension were examined. The normal range of RRI was determined for 12 normal age-matched volunteers (55.0+/-6.6 years). Hypertensive organ damage was evaluated by funduscopy, electrocardiograms, and carotid B-mode imaging. Based on the mean and distribution of RRI in normal volunteers (0.60+/-0.05), the normal upper limit of RRI was found to be 0.7. RRI was correlated with creatinine clearance (CCr) (r=-0.61, p<0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (r=0.46, p<0.05), but not with serum creatinine. In addition, the incidence of abnormal RRI (>0.7) was higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and in those with advanced carotid atherosclerosis (p<0.01, respectively). Thus, RRI appears to be more strongly associated with CCr than with serum creatinine, and it increases in patients with hypertensive end-organ damage. The assessment of RRI may be useful for the evaluation of early renal damage in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of duplex ultrasonography for the assessment of renal arteriosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients. 1121 24

Adducin is a membrane skeletal protein that is involved in the regulation of membrane ion transport and cellular signal transduction. Essential hypertension has been linked to alpha-adducin gene locus, and association of a polymorphism of the gene has been found in some studies, but results of linkage or association studies on alpha-adducin gene are controversial among different populations. This study was designed to examine the linkage between alpha-adducin gene locus and essential hypertension and to reveal the relationship between an alpha-adducin gene polymorphism (Gly460Trp) and essential hypertension in a Chinese population. For the linkage study, one hundred and six Chinese nuclear families were recruited, including 417 hypertensive patients in all 474 individuals. Those samples were genotyped at D4S412 and D4S3038. The distances between the two microsatellite markers and the alpha-adducin gene locus are less than 3cM. Parametric, non-parametric linkage (NPL) analyses using the GENEHUNTER software were carried out. Sib transmission-dise- quilibrium test (S-TDT), as well as transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT). was also implemented with TDT/S-TDT Program 1.1. Serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting glucose and lipids were determined as phenotypes. In an association study, 138 hypertensive and 121 normotensive subjects were genotyped at Gly460Trp of the alpha-adducin gene to examine a possible association between this polymorphism and blood pressure or other phenotypes. We fail to find the linkage between the two markers and essential hypertension by parametric, NPL analysis or TDT/S-TDT study. With the use of the simple association and the multivariate logistic regression analyses, we also fail to reveal a significant association between the Gly460Trp polymorphism in alpha-adducin gene and the blood pressure variation, or blood biochemical indices studied. The frequency of the 460Trp allele in Chinese (46-48%) is similar to that found in Japanese (54-60%) while the allele frequency is less common in Caucasian (13%-23%). These findings suggest that in our Chinese population, alpha-adducin 460Trp variant may not play an important role in the etiology of EH. And the negative results of linkage and TDT/ S-TDT further supports this conclusion.
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PMID:alpha-Adducin gene and essential hypertension in China. 1171 Jul 59

Large prospective epidemiologic studies have shown that long-term use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen induce an increase in blood pressure and sharply increase the risk of hypertension. Susceptibility to the hypertensive effects of oral contraceptives is heightened where risk factors such as age, family history of hypertension, preexisting or occult renal disease, parity and obesity exist. Hypertension among pill users usually develops within the first 6 months of usage and occasionally is delayed for as long as 6 years. Anitihypertensive therapy is seldom needed as the hypertension that developes is generally mild and uncomplicated, and rapidly reverses when the pills are discontinued. However, a small percentage of patients develop severe, even life-threatening hypertension and the hypertensive effects are felt long after the pills are discontinued. Cases of malignant hypertension and irreversible renal failure requiring maintenance hemodialysis, bilateral nephrectomy, and renal transplantation have occurred following administration of oral contraceptive pills. The mechanism by which oral pills induce hypertension in susceptible women is not known and needs further research. Before oral contraceptives are prescribed, physicians should take a careful history and perform a detailed physicial examination with special attention to the cardiovascular system. Multiple blood pressure measurements should be made and routine laboratory studies including urinalysis, blood urea and nitrogen and serum creatinine should be performed. It is preferable to start with a relatively low (50 mcg) estrogenic content preparation. Patients who develop hypertension (diastolic pressure, 90 mm Hg) on oral contraceptives should stop taking the pills immediately, and should be considered to have estrogen-induced hypertension. They should never again receive estrogen-containing oral pills, although they can try pills containing only progestogen. There is no contraindication to pregnancy in these patients, as most women who become hypertensive on oral pills go on to have normotensive pregnancies. Pregnancy in women who are susceptible to essential hypertension however should be treated as high risk.
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PMID:Hypertension and oral contraceptives. 1226 83

A range of epidemiological evidence from several diverse populations, supports the hypothesis that risk of essential hypertension, coronary heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes is, in part, programmed by intrauterine nutritional status. Animal models developed to investigate the mechanisms that are responsible for such programming are becoming more important as challenges to the epidemiological data become more robust. With strong evidence from animal studies it is now widely accepted that maternal nutritional status in pregnancy is a major programming influence upon the fetus. This paper considers the hypothesis that renal structure and function are determined by prenatal nutrition and that this is a key mechanism in the programming of hypertension. The feeding of low protein diets or other insults in pregnancy that have an impact upon the development of cardiovascular functions, also appears to impact upon nephron number. In the sheep nephron number is related to weight at birth following nutrient restriction, and in the rat low protein diets reduce nephron number by approximately 30%. However, it is possible that hypertension and reduced renal reserve merely coincide and are not causally associated. A study of rats fed low protein diets supplemented with additional nitrogen sources found that whilst only glycine could reverse the hypertensive effects of low protein diets, all supplements could normalise nephron number. The evidence thus suggests that prenatal undernutrition may programme renal structure in later life, but that renal programming is not one of the primary mechanisms leading to hypertension.
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PMID:Nutritional programming of blood pressure and renal morphology. 1271 69

The main objective of this study was to observe the long-term effects of the administration of trichlormethiazide on the urine and blood. Fourteen patients suffering from essential hypertension or edema requiring diuretic therapy were treated for periods of one to 12 months (mean 5.4 months). There were no significant changes in urine values, blood counts, or serum sodium or potassium levels. Additional nitrogen retention occurred in two patients with renal failure, but no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen occurred in the remainder. Serum uric acid levels were lower at the end of treatment than before. The blood pressure fell in nine patients. No toxic effects were observed.
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PMID:Clinical experience with an oral diuretic, trichlormethiazide. 1394 3


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