Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind multicenter study compared oral acebutolol (n = 182) with hydrochlorothiazide (n = 178) in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 95 to 114 mm Hg). Both agents produced significant and comparable reductions in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures of 15.9, 14.9, and 15.3 mm Hg on acebutolol, and 15.2, 13.3, and 11.8 mm Hg on hydrochlorothiazide (p = 0.001). Acebutolol induced a significant reduction in resting heart rate of 9.3 bpm (p = 0.001) from baseline. The mean effective doses of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide were 757 and 68 mg, respectively. Significantly fewer patients on acebutolol experienced arrhythmia, anorexia, and flatulence, although an equal number of patients (14) in each group discontinued therapy prematurely due to side effects. More hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients developed abnormalities in the levels of serum glucose, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum potassium, and chloride. No clinically significant trends in laboratory parameters were seen on acebutolol, although a small number of patients (11 on acebutolol and 3 on hydrochlorothiazide) developed asymptomatic positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests of low titer. The data show that acebutolol is as effective as hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension, is as well tolerated, and produces fewer biochemical abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Comparative hypotensive effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension: a double-blind multicenter evaluation. 351 50

The question whether body electrolyte composition in patients with primary hypertension differs from that of normotensive subjects is still controversial. The aim of the present work was to investigate on water, electrolyte, and nitrogen muscle cell composition in essential human hypertension. Also the effects of antihypertensive drugs on muscle electrolyte contents were analyzed. The results indicate that muscle Na was higher and muscle K was lower in essential hypertensives in comparison with controls. Muscle water, Mg, and nitrogen were not different in treated patients (with or without diuretics) in comparison with untreated hypertensive patients. But in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics, Nam was higher and Km was lower than in untreated patients. Several mechanisms may explain the changes on muscle electrolyte composition in primary hypertension, but the cellular mechanism involving abnormalities in ion pump and electrolyte transmembrane fluxes are the most probable. The therapy with antihypertensive drugs especially diuretics, seems to enhance different muscle electrolyte patterns in essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Skeletal muscle water and electrolytes in treated and untreated essential hypertension. 399 30

A comparison was made of the antihypertensive effect of a daily dose of 150 mg. of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) with one of 150 mg. of spironolactone (SL) in 48 patients with essential hypertension.The blood pressure values after six weeks of therapy with HCT were not significantly different from those after SL. Treatment of 25 of these patients with the two agents combined did not reduce the blood pressure further. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased with both HCT and SL treatment.With combined treatment there was a further increase in blood urea nitrogen concentration and a decrease in serum sodium concentrations without weight loss beyond that achieved with either HCT or SL alone.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of hypertension with hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. 534 77

This report describes a double-blind, parallel, comparative study of trimazosin (+/- polythiazide) and propranolol (+/- polythiazide) in 130 patients with essential hypertension. Both treatment regimens were shown to be effective in achieving statistically significant sustained reduction in blood pressure. Propranolol alone was somewhat more effective, at the doses selected, than trimazosin alone, but the hypertension of nonresponders in each treatment group was effectively controlled by the addition of low doses of polythiazide. Trimazosin had no effect on heart rate, whereas propranolol significantly lowered resting heart rates, which was occasionally troublesome. Side effects were less frequent in the trimazosin-treated group. Trimazosin lowered serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, an effect significantly different from that of propranolol. There was also a tendency for serum uric acid to rise in patients receiving propranolol and fall in those receiving trimazosin; polythiazide significantly raised uric acid levels. The effects of trimazosin and propranolol on the lipid profile were small, but the difference between the increase in the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol fraction in trimazosin-treated patients and the decrease in propranolol-treated patients was significant and thought to be of interest.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind comparison of trimazosin and propranolol in essential hypertension. 635 54

Nifedipine (10 mg qid) and captopril (25 mg qid) were tested alone and in combination in 14 patients suffering from severe primary hypertension. Each study period was of 1 week's duration. Circulatory response was evaluated through hourly pressure and pulse rate readings. The fall in pressure after oral nifedipine was maximal within 1 hr or less and was generally accompanied by palpitation and increase in pulse rate; with a six hourly dosing regimen the tendency of blood pressure to recover after each dose was interrupted by the next dose, so that values remained significantly reduced throughout the 24 hr, although pressure fluctuations were evident. Promptness of the antihypertensive action of captopril was similar, but the magnitude and the duration of the fall in pressure were less pronounced. When the converting-enzyme inhibitor was combined with the calcium-channel blocker, pressure fluctuations were not abolished, but the antihypertensive response was definitely enhanced, so that normal blood pressure was maintained for several hours during the day. Additional positive effects of captopril were mitigation of the heart rate reaction and prevention of the ankle pitting or edema elicited by nifedipine. A balance in arteriolar and venular dilatation promoted by captopril is the suggested mechanism for these effects. With the two-drug combination the function of the left ventricle was not reduced and possibly improved; blood urea nitrogen and serum electrolyte and creatinine concentration were not affected. Plasma renin activity increased with captopril and reverted toward baseline with the addition of nifedipine, suggesting an interference of the calcium-channel blocker with the release of renin.
 ...
PMID:Calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine and angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition with captopril in the therapy of patients with severe primary hypertension. 637 89

The whole body content of sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen was measured by neutron activation analysis in 13 patients with untreated primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome; aldosterone-secreting adenoma). Concurrently, exchangeable sodium and potassium were estimated by isotope dilution. Results were compared with values in the same patients during treatment with potassium-conserving diuretics and again after removal of the adenoma; and also with those in a series of 30 patients having untreated essential hypertension. Both total body and exchangeable sodium were high in Conn's syndrome before treatment and were reduced by spironolactone or amiloride and by subsequent surgery. There was no evidence of alteration in the proportion of non-exchangeable sodium in this disease, in contrast to earlier reports. Total body and exchangeable potassium were low in untreated Conn's syndrome and increased to normal after therapy: the proportion of non-exchangeable potassium was similar before and after treatment, and also similar to that in essential hypertension. Total body chlorine was increased before treatment in Conn's syndrome and returned to normal with therapy; body calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were normal throughout.
 ...
PMID:Body elemental composition, with particular reference to total and exchangeable sodium and potassium and total chlorine, in untreated and treated primary hyperaldosteronism. 653 85

The whole body content of sodium, chlorine and potassium has been measured in 30 patients with essential hypertension, using the techniques of in vivo neutron activation analysis and whole body counting. Total exchangeable sodium and potassium were also measured, and found to be well correlated with the total body amounts of these elements. Comparable measurements on normotensive subjects could not be obtained, but results for both elements were similar to those expected on the basis of published values for healthy normal body composition. Similarly, no abnormality was found in the average body content of the other major elements (chlorine, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen). We therefore have no evidence that essential hypertension is associated with any abnormality in the mean body content of these elements. However, there was some evidence of a relationship between body sodium and blood pressure in this study group.
 ...
PMID:Whole body elemental composition in patients with essential hypertension. 681 23

The effects of 2 potassium-retaining diuretics on arterial pressure, intravascular volume, responses of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, serum electrolytes, and renal function were compared by means of an 8-wk double-blind, crossover trial in 13 patients with "volume-dependent" essential hypertension. The fall in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in the supine and erect positions (all p less than 0.005) induced by spironolactone was greater than that by triamterene. The pressure fall induced by spironolactone was also associated with a persistent contraction in plasma volume (p less than 0.05) and a secondary hyperaldosteronism that was not accompanied by hypokalemic alkalosis. The pressure fall induced by triamterene was not associated with reduced plasma volume, effect on plasma renin activity, or aldosterone excretion. Both drugs produced significant rises in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels that never exceeded normal limits.
 ...
PMID:Spironolactone and triamterene in volume-dependent essential hypertension. 698 54

In an attempt to determine the effects of antihypertensive treatment on proteinuria and renal function, these factors were studied in 155 patients with essential hypertension, before and during antihypertensive therapy. Slight renal impairment tended to increase with the progress of hypertension, as evidenced by a slight but significant increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, and by a progressive decrease in creatinine clearance. A decrease in proteinuria appeared as early as one month after initiation of treatment and continued for at least two years during treatment. Apparently the proteinuria was caused by increased glomerular pressure and by vascular damage in the glomerular vessels. In 7 patients, normalization of blood pressure resulted in an elevation of BUN and creatinine concentrations, although initial renal function did not differ significantly from that in other groups who did not show such derangement during treatment. Thus, a reduction of proteinuria seems to be a good criterion for predicting beneficial results from antihypertensive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Proteinuria and renal function during antihypertensive treatment for essential hypertension. 735 3

Amiloride was administered to 13 male patients with mild essential hypertension and normal renal function. It effectively reduced supine and standing arterial pressures. The antihypertensive response was associated with a significant decrease in renal inulin clearance and a rise in plasma creatinine concentration, although both values at the end of seven weeks of therapy remained within normal limits. Serum potassium concentrations rose but did not reach hyperkalemic levels. Amiloride did not increase blood levels of glucose, uric acid, lipids, calcium, or urea nitrogen. We conclude that amiloride is an effective antihypertensive and antikaliuretic agents for patients with mild hypertension and normal renal function.
 ...
PMID:Effects of amiloride on arterial pressure and renal function. 740 Mar 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>