Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study we investigated the short-term effects of calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on renal hemodynamics and the urinary excretion of proteins with different relative mass in subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension and apparently normal glomerular filtration rate but reduced renal functional reserve. Sixteen subjects underwent the following four treatments: (1) low-protein meal (0.2 g protein/kg body wt), (2) high-protein meal (1.3 g protein/kg body wt), (3) high-protein meal plus oral nifedipine (20 mg), and (4) high-protein meal plus oral captopril (50 mg). Two urine samples were obtained after meals. Blood samples were drawn at the midpoint of each 120-minute urine collection period. Urine and serum were tested for total protein, immunoglobulin G, albumin, alpha 1-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, and beta 2-microglobulin. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were assessed by iothalamate and p-aminohippuric clearance, respectively. Compared with the high-protein meal alone, nifedipine elicited a clear-cut increase in the urinary excretion of total protein (+60%, P < .01), immunoglobulin G (+58%, P < .01), albumin (+25%, P < .05), retinol binding protein (+47%, P < .05), and beta 2-microglobulin (+52%, P < .05); captopril decreased the urinary excretion rate of immunoglobulin G (-26%, P < .05), albumin (-22%, P < .05), and beta 2-microglobulin (-34%, P < .05). The ratio between the clearances of immunoglobulin G and albumin was higher after nifedipine (+21%, P < .01) and unchanged after captopril (-9%, P = NS) compared with the high-protein meal alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal effects of nifedipine and captopril in patients with essential hypertension and reduced renal reserve. 799 35

We studied the 24 h urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulin G, and retinol-binding protein in individuals with essential hypertension, white coat hypertension, and normotension. In 56 individuals, we measured the 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP). The individuals could be divided into three groups: 26 hypertensives, 14 white coat hypertensives, and 16 normotensives. Daytime AMBP values were (median values with range in parentheses, mm Hg): hypertensives 158/105 (198 to 121/95 to 120), white coat hypertensives 141/83 (161 to 129/72 to 90), and normotensives 123/75 (148 to 102/63 to 86). We determined with immunochemical methods the 24 h urinary excretions of albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G, all markers of glomerular dysfunction, and retinol-binding protein, a marker of impaired proximal tubular function. We found a significantly higher excretion of albumin and transferrin in hypertensives (P < .0000/P < .0001) and in white coat hypertensives (P < .003/P < .02) compared to normotensives. Out of 26 hypertensives, seven had microalbuminuria (> or = 30 to < 300 mg albumin/ 24 h). Two cases of microalbuminuria were found among the 14 white coat hypertensives. Immunoglobulin G excretion was not significantly increased in any of the hypertensive groups. Retinol-binding protein excretion was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (P < .007), whereas no elevation was observed in persons with white coat hypertension. In hypertensives, a significant correlation was found between urinary excretion of albumin and transferrin and office blood pressure and systolic AMBP. There was no significant correlation between the urinary excretions of IgG and retinol-binding protein and blood pressures in any of the three groups. Our findings indicate that patients with white coat hypertension, like hypertensives, have a selective type of glomerular dysfunction. However, proximal tubular dysfunction was seen only in hypertensives. Urinary excretions of albumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein may be useful as markers of glomerular and tubular dysfunction in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Retinol-binding protein and transferrin in urine. New markers of renal function in essential hypertension and white coat hypertension? 889 56

Vitamin A (retinol) and its analogs (retinoids) are important regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, immune function, and apoptosis. The kidneys are target organs for vitamin A action. Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, is involved in embryonic kidney patterning through the control of receptor tyrosine kinase expression, which modulates ureteric bud branching morphogenesis. Vitamin A status of the mother profoundly affects kidney organogenesis of the newborn. In rodents, mild vitamin A deficiency results in a 20% reduction of nephron number. In adult humans, nephron number varies between 0.3 and 1.3 million per kidney, which is accepted as normal. However, recent studies indicate that humans at the low end of nephron number are predisposed to primary hypertension. Because RA regulates nephron mass, its optimal availability during nephrogenesis is critical. RA levels in the embryo are affected by several factors, such as maternal vitamin A nutrition and disturbances in retinol metabolism. Maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy is widespread in developing countries and segments of these populations may be exposed to low vitamin A during fetal life when nephron number is determined. Infants are likely to be born with suboptimal nephrons and may develop primary hypertension later in life. Although maternal vitamin A deficiency is not common in developed countries, congenital nephron number nevertheless varies widely, indicating low fetal RA levels due to common variants of the enzymes that convert retinol to RA. These infants might require heightened surveillance for hypertension later in life.
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PMID:Role of vitamin A in determining nephron mass and possible relationship to hypertension. 1864 Nov 82

Investigation of emotional sphere and LPO processes in adolescents of both sexes aged 14-17 years suffering from essential hypertension revealed pronounced changes in the emotional status associated with dysregulation in the LPO-antioxidant protection system. The emotional sphere in adolescents with hypertension was characterized by increased anxiety in combination with emotional lability, tendency to depression, and aggressive reactions. The most meaningful parameters describing significant differences between the groups of healthy and hypertensive patients in parameters of LPO-antioxidant protection system were fatty acids with double bonds, antioxidant activity, and retinol. Statistically significant opposite correlations between the emotional status parameters and components of LPO-antioxidant protection system were revealed.
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PMID:Redox status as a metabolic stage, integrating emotional pattern and blood pressure in adolescents. 2540 86

Tengfu Jiangya Tablet (TJT) is a well accepted antihypertension drug in China and its major active components were Uncaria total alkaloids and Semen Raphani soluble alkaloid. To further explore treatment effects mechanism of TJT on essential hypertension, a serum proteomic study was performed. Potential biomarkers were quantified in serum of hypertension individuals before and after taking TJT with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled two-dimensional liquid chromatography followed electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) proteomics technique. Among 391 identified proteins with high confidence, 70 proteins were differentially expressed (fold variation criteria, >1.2 or <0.83) between two groups (39 upregulated and 31 downregulated). Combining with Gene Ontology annotation, KEGG pathway analysis, and literature retrieval, 5 proteins were chosen as key target biomarkers during TJT therapeutic process. And the alteration profiles of these 5 proteins were verified by ELISA and Western Blot. Proteins Kininogen 1 and Keratin 1 are members of Kallikrein system, while Myeloperoxidase, Serum Amyloid protein A, and Retinol binding protein 4 had been reported closely related to vascular endothelial injury. Our study discovered 5 target biomarkers of the compound Chinese medicine TJT. Secondly, this research initially revealed the antihypertension therapeutic mechanism of this drug from a brand-new aspect.
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PMID:Identification of Tengfu Jiangya Tablet Target Biomarkers with Quantitative Proteomic Technique. 2840 42