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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of beta adrenergic blocking agents on the renin release from the kidney and its possible role in the hypotensive effect of these agents were studied in patients with essential hypertension. Oxprenolol induced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and PRA, but the correlation between the decrease in blood pressure and the decrease in PRA was not found. When the effect of carteolol, another beta adrenergic blocking agent, was studied, a decrease in blood pressure was obtained, but there was a rise in PRA. These observations suggest that the hypotensive action of beta adrenergic blocking agents does not result from their effects on PRA.
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PMID:[The renin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension--hypotensive action of beta adrenergic blocking agents and variation of the renin-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. 2 66

The disposition profiles of a new beta-adrenergic-blocking drug, timolol, were investigated in healthy subjects after single oral doses, and in patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension given multiple doses. The t1/2 of timolol were different between the two groups, possibly due to the decreased plasma clearance after multiple administration. The dosage regimen calculations for patients indicated to receive the treatment for certain chronic diseases, should be determined by utilizing the disposition data obtained in steady-state conditions. The absolute reduction of exercise heart rate gave the best coefficient as a beta-blockade assessment. Applying a theory for translating the pharmacokinetics to the duration-action course of drug, pharmacokinetic t1/2 was proven to be much shorter than pharmacological t1/2. Timolol given on a twice-daily schedule has shown both antihypertensive effectiveness and plasma-renin-suppressing action in different subject. However, the casual relationship between the drug plasma level, blood pressure fall and change in PRA was not so clearly disclosed. The pharmacokinetics of beta-blockers, particularly with the property of receiving extensive metabolism by the mechanism of hepatic first-pass effect should be studied between single- and multiple-dosing schedules in subjects with diverse clinical conditions.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic differences between single and multiple oral dosing with the guidance for beta-adrenoceptor blockade assessment. 4 87

Patients with essential hypertension were studied for the reaction of the hypophyseal-adrenal-system before and during insulin hypoglycemia test. We found in our results that the mean total corticoid levels in plasma of hypertensive patients with low or high PRA are significantly higher than control levels. In insulin hypoglycemia test the mean corticoid levels of patients with normal and high PRA do not differ from the mean levels found in normal individuals whereas hypertensive patients with low PRA have significant lower plasma corticoid levels. The mean baseline and hypoglycemia induced plasma ACTH levels of each group of hypertensive patients are higher than those of the controls. Patients with high PRA show the highest rise of mean plasma ACTH levels during hypoglycemia. These data suggest that the adrenal system of hypertensive patients produces less total corticoids; plasma ACTH levels of these patients therefore are higher than those of normal individuals.
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PMID:[On the ACTH-corticoid relation in essential hypertension in dependence of plasma-renin activity (PRA) (author's transl)]. 20 64

In order to investigate the role of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) in essential hypertension (EH), the responses of plasma 17-OH-DOC to 7 stimulation tests (furosemide test, adrenal suppression test, angiotensin II infusion test, adrenal stimulation test, metopirone test, saline infusion test and potassium chloride infusion test) and the circadian rhythm were investigated in 18 patients with essential hypertension (low renin group: 8, and normal renin group: 10). From the present study, it micht be thought that plasma 18-OH-DOC does not play an important role in the suppression of PRA in patients with low PRA.
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PMID:Plasma levels of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone in essential hypertension. 21 Oct 25

Prostaglandins A1, B1, E2, Falpha and PRA have been measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral or renal venous blood of different groups of hypertensive and control subjects. PGA1 and PGE2 were significantly increased in renal, renovascular, labile and essential hypertension. PGFalpha was significantly increased only in patients with unilateral renal atrophy and in some patients with renovascular and essential hypertension. There was a significant positive correlation between PRA and PGA1 or B1, but not with PGE2 or Falpha. The increase of PGA and PGE represents a secondary antihypertensive, diuretic and natriuretic mechanism, the increase of PGF a direct hypertensive mechanism.
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PMID:Prostaglandins and high blood pressure. 35 39

Vena cava and renal veins PRA were measured and their ratios calculated (Ra/Rc and Rc/P) in 15 hypertensive patients before and after diazoside infusion (300 mg i.v.). Among the 4 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis, 3 had both ratios significant in basal conditions. After diazoxide infusion, the ratios became significant in the 4th case, successfully operated. Surgery induced normalization of blood pressure also in 2 of 3 cases affected by renoparenchimal alterations: of these patients 1 had ratios significant in basal conditions and both after diazoxide. One patient had unilateral renal artery stenosis and controlateral small kidney: his ratios was significant in favour of small kidney both before and after diaxozide infusion. The correction of renal artery stenosis gave no results in blood pressure. In patients with essential hypertension the PRA values in renal veins were not significantly different either before and after diazoxide. In conclusion the acute diazoxide stimulation seems to improve the prognostic value of renal veins PRA and their ratios for the detection of surgically curable forms of renal hypertension.
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PMID:[Diaxozide-induced acute stimulation of plasma renin activity in renal veins for diagnosis and prognosis in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. 39 10

The purpose of this study is to throw further light on the problem of the methodological standardization in the study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Thus, in 10 normal volunteers and 33 patients with moderate, recent and uncomplicated essential hypertension, divided into the subtypes with normal, high and low renin, it has been performed a timing analysis of the behaviour of plasma renin (PRA) and aldosterone (PA). PRA and PA were measured by radioimmunological methods in blood samples simultaneously collected in steady state conditions (study of circadian rhythmicity) and during the course of manipulative tests (orthostatism, dietary sodium restriction, orthostatism associated with sodium restriction, furosemide administration). The study revealed that each category of the present series of healthy and hypertensive individuals has an own temporal organization in the entire function of RAAS. This finding allowed to standardize the RIA reference indices as chronocorrelated intervals of normality and to establish the optimal criteria for the assessment of biochemical data and methodological study of hypertensive patients.
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PMID:[Temporal aspects of the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Contribution to the methodological standardization of explorative test (author's transl)]. 40 73

The 24-h integrated plasma concentration of aldosterone (IC-ALDO), PRA (IC-PRA), and cortisol (IC-F) were measured in 34 male patients with uncomplicated mild essential hypertension and 15 matched normal controls using a portable 24-h continuous nonthrombogenic blood withdrawal system. The hypertensive were subsequently given 0.5 mg dexamethasone three times per day, resulting in suppression of their urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and free cortisol. The diastolic blood pressure of the hypertensives fell during adrenal suppression from 104 +/- 5 to 96 +/- 8 mm Hg (mean +/- 1 SD; P less than 0.0001). The systolic pressure fell from 150 +/- 16 to 148 +/- 17 (P greater than 0.01). Baseline values for IC-F, IC-ALDO, and IC-PRA were similar in hypertensive subjects and normal controls. After treatment with dexamethasone for 8 weeks, IC-F in the hypertensives decreased from 7.8 +/- 2.1 to 0.7 +/- 0.6 microgram/dl (P less than 0.0001). There was no associated change in IC-ALDO or IC-PRA. Thus, the fall in diastolic blood pressure in response to dexamethasone was associated with suppression of IC-F, without demonstrable changes in other endocrine or biochemical factors measured.
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PMID:Effect of adrenal suppression with dexamethasone in essential hypertension. 42 30

We studied 29 normotensive men (14 black, 15 white) and 36 hypertensive men (27 white, nine black) to examine the association of race with blood pressure, blood volume, and peripheral renin activity (pra). Blood volume was lower in white hypertensive men than in white normotensive men, but was similar in all blacks. When subjects were tested in the supine position, PRA was lower in black normotensive subjects than white normotensive subjects. The PRA did not differ among groups tested in an upright posture, while furosemide-stimulated PRA was lower in hypertensive than normotensive subjects of both races despite lower blood volumes in white hypertensive subjects. Differences of volume and renin measurements appear to reflect basic differences between whites and blacks with essential hypertension. We emphasize the need to consider race in the investigation of human hypertension.
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PMID:Racial analysis of the volume-renin relationship in human hypertension. 43 69

The antihypertensive effects of atenolol and propranolol were compared in a double-blind crossover study of 19 patients with essential hypertension (World Health Organization, I and II) who were receiving long-term diuretic treatment (chlorthalidone, 50 mg daily) during the study. After a 3-wk placebo period, a beta-adrenergic antagonist was administered once daily (atenolol, 50 mg daily, or propranolol, 80 mg daily) for a week. If the MAP was more than 108 mm Hg at the end of the week, dosage of the beta-blocker was doubled the following week; when necessary, doubling was repeated to a maximum dose of 640 mg propranolol and 400 mg atenolol daily. Fifty milligrams atenolol had a greater effect than 80 mg propranolol and was as effective as 160 mg propranolol. The dose-response curve flattened off after 160 mg propranolol and 50 mg atenolol daily. The two highest doses of atenolol lowered MAP more than the highest doses of propranolo. Heart rate slowing was the same for both drugs and did not correlate with the fall in blood pressure. PRA was suppressed by all doses of propranolol, whereas atenolol suppressed PRA only at the 2 highest doses, (200 and 400 mg daily). With the lower propranolol doses, the percent MAP change correlated weakly with the percent PRA change (80 mg--r = 0.41, p less than 0.1; 160 mg--r = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Side effects were minimal, and were noted only with 640 mg propranolol; with this exception, the percentage of patients with no complaints rose when placebo was replaced by beta-blockers.
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PMID:Effects of atenolol and propranolol when added to long-term antihypertensive diuretic therapy. 48 88


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