Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antihypertensive and metabolic effects of betaxolol (20 mg/day) were monitored in 40 patients (17 male), aged 54 +/- 2 yr (mean +/- SEM), with moderate essential hypertension. In a subgroup, consisting of 35 obese patients with a Quetelet index greater than 25.0, blood pressure, heart rate, side effects and biochemical variables were registered bi-monthly for a period of 6 months and after a placebo run-in and run-out period of 2 weeks. Betaxolol decreased blood pressure from 165 +/- 3/107 +/- 1 to 151 +/- 3/95 +/- 2 mmHg after 2 weeks and further to 151 +/- 3/93 +/- 2 mmHg after 6 months (p less than 0.001). Ninety percent of the patients responded to therapy with betaxolol. Heart rate fell from 77 +/- 2 to 64 +/- 1 bpm (p less than 0.001). No significant changes were observed in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol. Triglycerides tended to increase from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.4 mmol/l after 4 months of treatment (NS). Renal function was not influenced by betaxolol. Side effects, recorded on a standard questionnaire, did not differ between betaxolol and placebo. In conclusion, betaxolol in a fixed dose of 20 mg/day is an effective antihypertensive drug in the long-term treatment of obese, hypertensive patients, without adverse effects on lipoproteins.
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PMID:Betaxolol in obese hypertensive patients. Long-term effects on blood pressure and serum lipids. 143 58

The antihypertensive effects of the beta-blocking agent betaxolol and the calcium entry blocker verapamil were compared in a crossover single-blind trial. Seventeen patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension took either betaxolol or a slow-release formulation of verapamil for two consecutive 6-week periods. The sequence of treatment phases was randomly allocated and a 2-week washout period preceded each treatment. The antihypertensive effect of the test drugs was assessed both at the physician's office and during everyday activities using a portable blood pressure recorder. The crossover design of the trial made it possible to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of betaxolol and verapamil both in the group as a whole and in the individual patient. The individual patient response to one of these agents was not a reliable indicator of the same patient's response to the alternative agent. Betaxolol brought both office and ambulatory recorded blood pressures under control in a larger fraction of patients than verapamil, although the magnitude of the blood pressure fall in the responders was equal for each drug. These observations stress the need for an individualized approach to the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy. The present results also demonstrate that optimal antihypertensive therapy is still a matter of trial and error. The precise methodology that ought to characterize crossover trials may make it possible to improve the therapeutic approach to hypertensive patients.
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PMID:Trials using a crossover design and ambulatory blood pressure recordings to determine the efficacy of antihypertensive agents in individual patients. 225 82

Betaxolol is a relatively cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, with no partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) activity and weak membrane-stabilising (local anaesthetic) activity. Its pharmacokinetic properties of most interest include high bioavailability after oral administration, and a long elimination half-life. It has a narrow dose-response range, which obviates the need for dose titration, with 10 to 20 mg once daily being the usual dosage. This dose reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressures by about 15 mm Hg in most patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In a few comparative studies betaxolol 20 mg daily was as effective as atenolol and moderate doses of propranolol, and more effective than acebutolol, in reducing blood pressure in such patients. Betaxolol has been well tolerated in most patients. Thus, betaxolol is an effective alternative to other beta-blocking drugs in patients with essential hypertension, with properties that may offer advantages in some patients.
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PMID:Betaxolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension. 286 47

Betaxolol, a beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonist, and nadolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist are both potent long-acting antihypertensive drugs. The effects of betaxolol on renal function have not been reported. The effects of nadolol on renal function are controversial. The current randomized double-blind study was designed to compare the effects of betaxolol and nadolol on glomerular filtration rate, assessed by creatinine and inulin clearances, and renal hemodynamics, assessed by p-aminohippurate clearance. Following a 4-week placebo run-in period, 15 patients with essential hypertension were randomized to a mean dose of 22 mg betaxolol for 12 weeks, and 12 patients with essential hypertension were randomized to a mean dose of 103 mg nadolol for 12 weeks. Results indicate that neither drug produced a clinically relevant effect on renal function. These findings are consistent with previously reported observations with other beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. We conclude that neither of the beta-adrenergic antagonists, betaxolol or nadolol, convey a specific renal pharmacologic advantage; both are equally efficacious and safe in the treatment of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:A comparison of betaxolol and nadolol on renal function in essential hypertension. 330 Feb 92

Acute hemodynamic changes induced by Betaxolol (B.) were studied in 10 patients (7 men, 3 women, mean age: 36 years), with uncomplicated essential hypertension. The brachial artery was cannulated with a short Teflon catheter and Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced into the pulmonary artery. Brachial (BAP) and Pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP), cardiac output (dye dilution) were recorded before (To) and after intravenous infusion of B. (0.2 mg/kg) during 5 minutes (T1), followed by the infusion of B. at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg during 15 minutes (T2). Cardiac index (C.I.), Stroke index (S.I.), Systemic Vascular (SVR) and Pulmonary Vascular Resistances (PVR), Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index (LVSWI) were calculated. C.I. declined significantly. This resulted from a significant decrease of heart rate, since S.I. was unsignificantly changed. BAP (systolic and mean) decreased significantly, since unsignificant changes of PAP were noted. SVR and PVR were significantly increased and LVSWI was significantly decreased. Plasmatic Renin Activity was unsignificantly decreased.
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PMID:[Acute hemodynamic effects of betaxolol in uncomplicated arterial hypertension in young persons]. 681 Aug 22

Betaxolol is a selective antagonist of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors. Personal response to the drug widely varies and depends on its properties and individual features including innate characteristics. Our aim was to study the association between the clinical response to betaxolol in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and polymorphous markers of two genes: beta(1) adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB1) and cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP2D6). Eighty-one patients with EH were selected. Mean age was 52.2 +/- 1.22 years. Betaxolol monotherapy provided effective blood pressure control (BP < 140/90 mmHg) in 68 patients, 56 of them continued treatment with initial dose. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure declined significantly at the end of the study. We have not found any significant association of rest and exercise BP and heart rate (HR) with polymorphous marker Arg389Gly of ADRB1 gene except the nighttime variability of DBP. But in case of the polymorphous marker Pro34Ser of CYP2D6 gene we have found significant association with response to betaxolol therapy. The rest HR declined more significantly in Ser/Pro genotype carriers (-32.6 +/- 4.77 beats/min and -18.4 +/- 2.01 beats/min, P = 0.023). These patients demonstrated more significant increase of exercise time (4.58 +/- 0.90 and 0.59 +/- 0.58 min, P = 0.045). Maximal exercise HR and DBP were also significantly lower in Ser/Pro genotype carriers in comparison with Ser/Ser genotype carriers. Decline of mean daytime SBP in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was more significant in Pro allele carriers (-21.0 +/- 2.55 mmHg vs. -5.2 +/- 2.27 mmHg in patients with Ser/Ser genotype, P = 0.001). Betaxolol effect on HR and BP significantly depends on variability of the gene determining the drug metabolism. The carriers of Pro34 allele of CYP2D6 gene (8.6%) are more sensitive to betaxolol therapy. Because of the relatively small group sizes our data should be considered as preliminary ones. The increase of our groups and the replication in other studies will permit to estimate the contribution of genetic factors to betaxolol effect on HR and BP.
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PMID:Association of CYP2D6 and ADRB1 genes with hypotensive and antichronotropic action of betaxolol in patients with arterial hypertension. 1763 83