Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 Labetalol 100 mg was given intravenously to 27 patients with essential hypertension (12 males, 15 females; WHO I-II; age range 30-66 yr; on average, a significant reduction of blood pressure was observed within 5 min (P less than 0.001). Average heart rate was also reduced significantly (P less than 0.01). 2 In 18 patients haemodynamic measurements were performed (dye-dilution or thermodilution technique): blood pressure reduction was related to peripheral vasodilatation, as cardiac index remained unmodified. 3 The absolute and percentage decrease of blood pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance after labetalol 100 mg intravenously, was significantly greater in the patients with higher baseline plasma noradrenaline concentration values. 4 In 12 out of 27 patients labetalol was given orally for 2 months (dose range 300-1200 mg); the pattern of blood pressure and heart rate changes after oral therapy were comparable to those observed after acute administration of the drug. 5 The degree of blood pressure and heart rate reductions after oral labetalol was also significantly related to pretreatment basal noradrenaline concentration.
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PMID:The acute and chronic hypotensive effect of labetalol and the relationship with pretreatment plasma noradrenaline levels. 709 4

1 Labetalol was administered by intravenous infusion or by the combination of intravenous bolus injection plus infusion to 15 patients with severe essential hypertension and to one with phaeochromocytoma. 2 With the infusion alone the reduction of arterial pressure was slow to develop and limited in degree, but with the combination of the bolus injection plus the infusion the reduction in pressure was more prompt, more pronounced and longer lasting. Apart from an uncomplicated syncopal attack in one patient, no serious side--effects were encountered. 3 Subsequent treatment with oral labetalol usually required the addition of a diuretic to control the blood pressure probably due to sodium and fluid retention during treatment with labetalol alone.
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PMID:Intravenous labetalol in severe hypertension. 709 6

Labetalol, a combined alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking drug, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertensive crises when given intravenously. It also offers the advantage that treatment can be continued with the oral preparation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate if the administration of an intravenous bolus followed by an iv infusion and subsequently by the oral preparation might increase the efficacy of the drug without reducing its tolerance. Thirteen patients with severe essential hypertension and one with pheochromocytoma were treated during one or more hypertensive crises with Labetalol, 100 mg bolus i.v. injection in two minutes, followed by an intravenous infusion (2-4 mg/min for 60-90 minutes) and, one hour after the end of the infusion, by the oral preparation (200 mg t.i.d.). In 11 subjects with essential hypertension and in the patient with pheochromocytoma a 30% fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure [from 240 +/- 10/155 +/- 6 mmHg (mean +/- 1 s.e.m.), to 162 +/- 8/111 +/- 6, p less than 0.01] was achieved within five minutes from the beginning of the treatment. Blood pressure remained well controlled thereafter, throughout the infusion period and during the first 24 hours of the oral administration. Heart rate fell simultaneously with the fall in blood pressure. Only in one patient blood pressure was not adequately controlled despite of the bolus and of an infusion at the rate of 4 mg/min for 20 minutes. In another case the fall in pressure caused near-fainting and the infusion was therefore not started. No other side effects were encountered except for transient orthostatic hypotension. We conclude that the administration of a bolus plus infusion of Labetalol is more effective than single or repeated boluses or graded infusions and it is equally well tolerated.
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PMID:[Use of labetalol in the treatment of hypertensive crises]. 715 87

Plasma catecholamines and renal function were evaluated in 18 patients with essential hypertension treated with the alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, labetalol. Following 6 weeks of labetalol therapy, blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine remained unaltered. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased similarly by about 20% (P less than 0.025). Tubular rejection fraction of sodium was increased by 36% (P less than 0.001) while sodium excretion was comparable to control conditions. Labetalol's potential to cause a mild reduction in kidney function should be considered, but may have no clinical consequences in most hypertensive patients receiving such treatment. The lack of increased plasma catecholamine levels during therapy supports the concept that labetalol's alpha-blocking potential is limited to post-junctional receptors, leaving the prejunctional feedback control of catecholamine release intact. Moreover, labetalol's blood pressure-lowering mechanism may be largely independent of changes in sympathetic nervous activity.
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PMID:Effects of chronic alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade with labetalol on plasma catecholamines and renal function in hypertension. 737 93

1 Labetalol was given to 41 hypertensive patients in a divided dosage of 150-2,400 mg daily for periods ranging from 1-64 months. 2 Monotherapy with labetalol was adequate in 12 out of 19 patients with essential hypertension and in 15 out of the 22 with renal hypertension. 3 Following a single dose of labetalol 200 mg orally a hypotensive response was seen between 1.5 and 2 hours. 4 In the doses used there was no exercise or postural hypotension. 5 No reduction in overall renal function attributable to labetalol was seen.
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PMID:Monotherapy with labetalol for hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function. 2663 53


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