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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of two beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, propranolol and pindolol, on the haemodynamic effects of papaverine, isoprenaline and noradrenaline was investigated in 9 male patients with first degree essential hypertension. Propranolol and pindolol were given according to a doubleblind, crossover scheme. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after each treatment. Propranolol 670 microgram/kg i.v. reduced the supine and standing systolic blood pressures by 2.3% and 1.6%, respectively. Similarly, the intravenous administration of pindolol 35 microgram/kg reduced supine and standing systolic blood pressure by 5.5% and 8.3% respectively (clinically insignificant). Neither drug affected diastolic blood pressure. Following propranolol, there were moderate reduction in supine and standing heart rates, respectively by 24% and 20% (p < 0.001). Similarly, but to a lesser extent, pindolol reduced supine and standing heart rate by 12% and 17% (p < 0.001). The effects of papaverine, which, at 1.5 mg/kg i.v. reduced systolic blood pressure by 5-10% and increased heart rate by 8-15%, were not significantly influenced by the beta-blockers. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to isoprenaline, on the other hand, were attenuated or inhibited by both beta-blockers. While the beta-blockers inhibited the beta-adrenoceptor component of noradrenaline, the pressor component of noradrenaline, which is mediated through the alpha-adrenoceptors, was not influenced by propranolol, but was inhibited after pindolol. It is concluded that pindolol differs qualitatively from propranolol in that it inhibited both the alpha and beta-adrenoceptor effects of noradrenaline.
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PMID:Influence of propranolol and pindolol on the haemodynamic effects of papaverine, isoprenaline and noradrenaline in hypertensive patients. 742 94

This article reviews our work on the effects of different classes of antihypertensive agents on the hemodynamic alterations in essential human hypertension. Short-term studies were done during cardiac catheterization in young normotensive subjects (mean age, 33 years; range, 19 to 40) and several different age-matched (range, 25 to 53 years) groups of patients with essential hypertension. Aortic impedance, resistance, wave reflections, and compliance were calculated from high-fidelity recordings of ascending aortic pressure and flow signals during baseline and after nitroprusside, propranolol followed by phentolamine, phentolamine, captopril, and nifedipine, respectively, at doses sufficient to normalize blood pressure in each hypertensive group. Propranolol exacerbated all the hemodynamic parameters; these effects were only partially overcome by phentolamine. Among the other agents only phentolamine did not completely normalize compliance, and only captopril did not completely normalize wave reflections. The long-term study was a randomized, double-blind comparison of fosinopril and atenolol in 79 normotensive subjects and 79 essential hypertensive patients. Baseline 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures and carotid artery tonometry to index wave reflections were performed in all subjects and in hypertensive patients after 8 weeks of therapy. Both fosinopril and atenolol normalized blood pressure and lowered the elevated augmentation index, but fosinopril had a significantly larger effect than atenolol. Both short- and long-term beta-blockade did not have as beneficial an effect as the other agents. Thus, the differing hemodynamic effects of the various classes of antihypertensive agents might be a consideration in the choice of therapy.
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PMID:Short- and long-term effects of antihypertensive drugs on arterial reflections, compliance, and impedance. 764 93

WHO criteria of quality of life and psychological status were employed in a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial of relevant effects induced by propranolol and nifedipine. Forty patients with essential hypertension (EH) stage I-II aged 35-60, males with diastolic pressure 96-114 mm Hg, entered the trial. Monotherapy with calcium antagonist nifedipine produced a beneficial effect on EH patients' quality of life, they became more sociable and active. Propranolol, beta-adrenoblocker, given for 4 weeks resulted in psychosocial dysadaptation, hypochondriasis, depressions. It is concluded that an antihypertensive effect of the above drugs was related to the EH patients' initial status: one can predict psychological benefit of nifedipine in patients without neurotic symptoms, while propranolol is more effective in neurotic EH subjects.
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PMID:[Effect of long-term monotherapy with propranolol and nifedipine on the quality of life and psychological status of patients with hypertension]. 830 95

Investigation of hemodynamic changes in 180 women liable to operations of supravaginal amputation were carried out in order to chose the optimum method of curative premedication in patients with essential arterial hypertension. The results obtained show that Adalat in dosage 60 mg daily during 7 days is most effective in cases with concomitant border-line hypertension. Anaprilin in dosage 160 mg daily and Adalat in dosage 60 mg/day during 7 days have the best hypotensive effect at the first stage of essential hypertension. Clopheline in dosage 300 mg/day or Adalat in dosage 60 mg/day during 7 days are most expedient in the course of hypotensive preparing the patients with the II stage of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Premedication with different groups of hypotensive drugs in preparation of patients with concomitant arterial hypertension to planned surgical treatment]. 961 19

Alcohol ingestion acutely lowers blood pressure (BP) with vasodilation and sympathetic activation in Oriental subjects. We examined the effects of beta blockade on cardiovascular and neurohumoral actions of alcohol in Japanese men with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Ten hypertensive patients (54+/-5 years, mean+/-SE) were given 1 ml/kg of alcohol or isocaloric control drink with a light meal in the evening before and 5-7 days after treatment with propranolol (20 mg three times daily). BP and heart rate (HR) were measured every 30 min for 24 h in each period. Blood sampling and echocardiographic examination were carried out before (17.00 h) and after (19.00 h) intake of alcohol or control drink, Before treatment, alcohol ingestion caused significant decreases in BP, total peripheral resistance and serum potassium concentration, while it increased heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity (PRA). Treatment with propranolol significantly decreased BP and HR for 24 h. Propranolol and alcohol showed an additive depressor effect on night-time BP, and the alcohol-induced hypotension was similar before and after propranolol treatment. The alcohol-induced changes in HR, CO, PRA and serum potassium were significantly attenuated by propranolol. These results suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system plays a role in alcohol-induced cardiac stimulation, renin release and hypokalemia through beta receptors. Moderate doses of beta-blockers may not modify alcohol-induced BP reduction in Oriental subjects with hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of propranolol on cardiovascular and neurohumoral actions of alcohol in hypertensive patients. 1041 75


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