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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acute effects of propranolol and acebutolol on blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes during graded treadmill exercise were studied in patients with essential hypertension. Both of propranolol (2 mg i.v.) and acebutolol (10 mg i.v.) lowered the pre-exercise hemodynamic parameters and suppressed the elevation of systolic blood pressure, heart rate and pressure-rate product during exercise, but did not show any significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. Although these drugs increased plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE) at rest and during moderate exercise, they failed to affect PNE at submaximal exercise. Plasma renin activity at rest and during exercise were more strongly suppressed by propranolol than acebutolol. Plasma aldosterone concentration was not affected by these drugs. Propranolol and acebutolol showed similar acute effects on blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal profiles at rest and during exercise within the doses used in this study. These results indicate that beta 1 adrenoceptor selectivity and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may not play an important role in the acute antihypertensive effect at rest and during exercise and that both beta blockers have beneficial antihypertensive effects during exercise on patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Comparison of the acute effects of acebutolol and propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes during graded treadmill exercise in patients with essential hypertension. 265 44

On the basis of echocardiographic investigations changes were analysed of certain haemodynamic parameters in 40 patients aged 21-50 years, mean 44 years, with primary arterial hypertension in stage II according to WHO classification. All patients were randomly chosen to receive for 6-9 weeks propranolol 120-480 mg daily, mean dose 280 mg, or pindolol 10-35 mg daily, mean dose 22 mg daily. The changes developing during the treatment with both drugs in relation to the initial values included the mean arterial blood pressure, the heart rate, the index of cardiac output and the systolic left-ventricular tension. In the studied patients treated with propranolol the heart rate and the ejection volume were decreased more than during pindolol treatment. Propranolol increased evidently the total peripheral vascular resistance and decreased the ejection fraction and the mean velocity of shortening of the circumferential fibres. Pindolol decreased slightly the peripheral vascular resistance and increased the ejection fraction and the mean velocity of shortening of the circumferential fibres. Pindolol, in relation to propranolol, had a more favourable effect on haemodynamics in patients with primary hypertension.
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PMID:[Effect of the treatment with propranolol and pindolol on selected hemodynamic parameters in patients with primary arterial hypertension]. 270 Oct 39

Lymphocytes beta 2-receptor density (LBRD) was studied by binding with 125ICYP in 18 male patients with mild/moderate essential hypertension (EH) before and after propranolol monotherapy. In 5 of these patients LBRD was determined before and after dynamic exercise also. Propranolol therapy evoked different changes in LBRD in patients with EH. According to these results, all the patients were divided into 2 groups: the patients who respond to propranolol administration by an increase in the LBRD were attributed to the 1 group. If the LBRD decreased after propranolol, the patients were attributed to the 2 group. Propranolol had pronounced hypotensive effect in the 2 group and no hypotensive effect in the 1 group. Heart rate was significantly higher initially and decreased significantly more after treatment in the 2 group. In this group initial values of LBRD were significantly higher than in the 1 group. Exercise produced different changes in LBRD, which correlated with the changes produced by propranolol treatment. The positive correlations were found between LBRD and left ventricular myocardial mass and interventricular septum thickness. The data obtained indicate that LBRD is regulated in a qualitatively different manner in the two groups of patients with EH which appears to be related to baseline renin or perhaps catecholamine levels.
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PMID:[Effect of physical load and brief monotherapy with obsidan on the characteristics of beta 2-adrenoreceptors of intact lymphocytes in patients with hypertension]. 284 Sep 28

The density of beta 2-receptors in intact lymphocytes was studied by binding with 125iodo-cyanopindolol in 18 male patients with mild or moderate hypertension before and after monotherapy with propranolol. The density of these receptors was also determined in 5 patients before and after dynamic exercise. We found that propranolol therapy evoked different changes in the density of beta-receptors in patients with essential hypertension. Based on these results, all patients were divided into two groups: (a) patients who responded to the administration of propranolol by an increase in receptor density and (b) patients who responded with a decrease in receptor density. Propranolol therapy had a pronounced hypotensive effect in the second group and no hypotensive effect in the first group. In the second group, heart rate was significantly higher initially and showed a significantly greater decrease after treatment. The initial values for beta 2-receptor density were also significantly higher in this group than in the first group. Mean values of baseline plasma renin activity (PRA) were higher in the second group, but this difference was nonsignificant. The 5 patients who participated in dynamic exercise exhibited different changes in beta-receptor density, which correlated with the changes observed with propranolol treatment. There was no correlation between PRA and the density of beta 2-receptors in lymphocytes. Positive correlations were found between the density of these receptors and left-ventricular myocardial mass and interventricular septal thickness. The data indicate that the density of these receptors in lymphocytes is regulated in a qualitatively different manner in the two groups of patients with essential hypertension; this difference appears to be related to baseline renin levels or, perhaps, catecholamine levels. Additional studies are needed to clarify the regulation of beta 2-receptors in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Characteristics of lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors in essential hypertension: effects of propranolol treatment and dynamic exercise. 285 50

A short-term effect of propranolol on beta 2-adrenoceptor density in mononuclear lymphocytes was studied in 15 male patients with essential hypertension. According to receptor density alterations the hypertensive subjects were divided into two groups. In the first group lymphocyte beta 2-receptor density increased substantially (3 times, on the average). Propranolol had a weak antihypertensive effect in this group, with the initially low plasma renin activity remaining unchanged after the treatment. The patients of the second group, on the contrary, revealed features of sympathetic hyperactivity and a decrease (2 times on the average) in lymphocyte beta 2-receptor density. Propranolol administration caused a decline in the initially normal or elevated plasma renin activity as well as in systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate.
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PMID:[Effect of a beta 2-blocker on the adrenergic receptors of lymphocytes in hypertension]. 287 50

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible time-related effects of long-term monotherapy with different beta-blockers on plasma lipids in patients with essential hypertension. We studied 69 mild-moderate hypertensives, all males, aged 35-56 years belonging to the same working community. After 1-month placebo period, patients were assigned to receive propranolol 160 mg/day or atenolol 100 mg/day or bisoprolol 10 mg/day or mepindolol 10 mg/day. They were followed-up for 2 years. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate and blood samples for evaluation of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were taken before and after placebo period and every 6 months from the beginning of the active treatment. All beta-blockers caused similar reduction in BP values which persisted throughout the study. None of the beta-blockers significantly affected TC and LDL-C. Propranolol caused the most pronounced changes in TG (+35-43%) and in HDL-C (-36-44%). Atenolol had the same qualitative effects but to a lesser extent (TG: +26-30%; HDL: -15-25%). Bisoprolol has more beta 1-selective than atenolol, and mepindolol, non-selective with ISA, increased TG (+15-28% and +13-23%) but did not significantly affect HDL-C. Consequently, HDL-C and TG changes appeared to be related to the ancillary properties of the different beta-blockers and, in a lesser degree, to the duration of therapy.
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PMID:Effects of different beta-blockers on lipid metabolism in chronic therapy of hypertension. 290 41

In 40 patients with essential hypertension, enalapril was compared with propranolol as an antihypertensive agent in a double-blind study. The patients were randomly given either enalapril 5-10-20 mg bid or propranolol 40-80-120 mg bid in a treatment consisting of step-by-step increases in dosage. When the diastolic blood pressure remained greater than 90 mm Hg on the highest dosage, hydrochlorothiazide was added. Both enalapril and propranolol reduced blood pressure, although the patients tended to achieve lower blood pressures while on enalapril. More patients on propranolol required additional diuretic therapy than patients on enalapril. Propranolol reduced heart rate; with enalapril there were no changes in heart rate. Both drugs increased serum potassium and urea. Plasma renin substrate was reduced by enalapril, but raised by propranolol. Enalapril increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin I, while propranolol reduced both. Converting enzyme activity was lowered with enalapril but was unchanged with propranolol. Both drugs reduced angiotensin II. Plasma aldosterone concentration was more suppressed with propranolol than with enalapril.
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PMID:Comparison of enalapril and propranolol in essential hypertension. 300 62

1. Disturbances of calcium metabolism, mimicking mild, compensated secondary hyperparathyroidism, accompany essential hypertension, but it is not known whether these alterations are primary or only secondary to the elevated blood pressure. 2. Indices of systemic calcium metabolism were followed prospectively during 6 months' treatment with either propranolol, bendroflumethiazide or verapamil in 35 patients with essential hypertension. Multivariate statistical methods were employed to study the effects of blood pressure reduction upon the metabolic indices with adjustment for the effects of the different antihypertensive agents. 3. Propranolol treatment increased the plasma ionized calcium and serum phosphate concentrations, and reduced the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, free fatty acids and glycerol. Neither the total nor the total albumin-modified serum calcium concentration was significantly affected. Thus, presumably the decrease in free fatty acids reduced the calcium complex and the calcium binding to albumin, and consequently increased the plasma ionized calcium, thereby suppressing the secretion of parathyroid hormone. 4. Bendroflumethiazide caused a reduction of the fasting renal calcium excretion to half the pretreatment level, but produced no other significant changes in the various indices of calcium metabolism. 5. During verapamil treatment, the fasting renal excretion of calcium and magnesium increased, whereas the free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations in serum were reduced. These two changes presumably balanced each other, as the plasma ionized calcium and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were not significantly altered. 6. There were no consistent relationships between the decrease in blood pressure and the changes in the metabolic indices, either in the total sample or within any subgroup.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in calcium metabolic indices during long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension. 325 68

Calcium channel blockers have been postulated to be more effective as monotherapeutic antihypertensive agents in the elderly than in younger patients. To determine if a new dihydropyridine derivative, nitrendipine, is more effective in the elderly (older than 60 years) than in younger hypertensive subjects (younger than 60 years), nitrendipine was administered in a multicentered study to 21 elderly and 33 younger subjects with essential hypertension. After gradual discontinuation of previous antihypertensive therapy and 2 weeks of placebo, the daily dose of nitrendipine (10 to 40 mg) was titrated over 3 weeks to achieve a 10 mm Hg decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure (BP) for patients entering with 90 to 99 mm Hg. For patients entering with at least 100 mm Hg, the dose was titrated to diastolic BP no greater than 90 mm Hg. Titrated dose of nitrendipine was maintained for 4 additional weeks. Propranolol was added for "symptomatic" tachycardia. Nitrendipine reduced BP in 90% of patients completing all phases of the study (n = 49). The proportion of responders was 47% among the elderly and 44% among young subjects. Change in heart rate was similar in both groups (-0.1 +/- 9.9 and +2.9 +/- 8.8 beats/min, mean +/- standard deviation). Two elderly and 1 younger subject required addition of propranolol (difference not significant). There was no correlation between the age of patients and changes in supine systolic and diastolic BP or heart rate (r = 0.21, -0.15 and -0.21, respectively). Adverse effects occurred with equal frequency in older and younger subjects (19 of 21 vs 23 of 33 patients, difference not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Similar efficacy of nitrendipine in young and elderly hypertensive patients. 331 59

The effect of propranolol and labetalol on cold stress and isometric exercise induced rise of blood pressure was studied in 7 patients with essential hypertension and 14 normal volunteers in a controlled, double blind, randomized, cross-over trial design. The subjects received either propranolol (40 mg) or labetalol (100 mg) orally after breakfast. In patients of mild to moderate essential hypertension, labetalol reduced significantly both systolic as well as diastolic rise of blood pressure induced by both types of exercises. Propranolol only reduced the rise of systolic blood pressure significantly. In normotensive subjects, labetalol reduced significantly the rise in systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure induced by cold stress, but not by the isometric exercise, while propranolol only reduced significantly the rise in systolic blood pressure induced by both the tests. The rise in heart rate was more with isometric exercise than with cold stress both in hypertensive patients and control subjects. The heart rate rise was significantly reduced by propranolol in all the experiments except for the rise induced by cold stress in hypertensive patients. The changes in heart rate produced by labetalol were not significant.
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PMID:Comparative effect of propranolol and labetalol on isometric exercise and cold stress induced increase in arterial blood pressure. 352 24


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