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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

20 patients with severe essential hypertension (average blood-pressure 211/123 mm Hg) had an inadequate fall in blood-pressure with beta blockade alone. They were given in random order either 5 and then 10 mg of bendrofluazide a day or prazosin 2 mg three times daily rising to 5 mg if required. The trial was a within-patient comparison of the two drug regimens. 10 patients who did not achieve a satisfactory fall in pressure with either agent were then given all three drugs together. When bendrofluazide 5 or 10 mg was added to beta blockade there was an average fall in mean blood-pressure, standing, of 13%. When prazosin was added to beta blockade the average fall in mean blood-pressure, standing, was 16%. 18 patients who completed the trial had an average final blood-pressure, standing, of 139/93 mm Hg. In the prazosin period 8 patients continued to complain of dizziness after the first 24 h. With bendrofluazide serum-potassium levels fell below 3-6 mmol/l in half the patients within the first two weeks of treatment. It is concluded that patients with essential hypertension already treated with beta blockade who need an additional agent will get a further fall in blood-pressure with 5 mg of bendrofluazide. Prazosin appears to be a potent and appropriate third agent.
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PMID:Evaluation of beta blockade bendrofluazide, and prazosin in severe hypertension. 6 3

The clinical usefulness of prazosin was investigated in 67 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension for 6 to 12 weeks. The daily doses were increased from 3 to 9 mg according to the responses of the patients. The average reduction of mean arterial blood pressure by 6 weeks' prazosin treatment was 13-4 +/- 1-7 mm Hg. Thirty-three patients (49-3%) showed good or excellent responses to prazosin. Serious side effects or laboratory abnormalities did not appear in this trial, through postural dizziness was found in 6-0%. Prazosin seems to be a useful antihypertensive agent in the treatment of patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Open studies with prazosin in the treatment of essential hypertension. Prazosin Research Group in Japan. 91 32

Prazosin which is a selective alfa-1 blocking drug has a very good antihypertensive effect. Its hemorheological effects were studied in 20 patients with essential hypertension (I and II degree according to WHO classification). After 6 weeks of the therapy with prazosin, hematocrit and viscosity of the whole blood and plasma were significantly reduced, because of hemodilution, while aggregability of erythrocyte and "Tk" values were not significantly reduced. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP and adrenaline, showed a decrease after the treatment. Assuming the hemorheological effects not to be crucial in choosing an antihypertensive agent, we must not, however, neglect them, especially in patients with compromised hemorheological profile, and we should take advantage of the positive hemorheological effect of prazosin, particularly in a long antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:[Hemorheologic changes in patients with essential hypertension treated with prazosin]. 134 59

In a randomized study in 26 elderly patients with mild essential hypertension, acute effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on plasma ANP levels were examined at rest and during ergometric exercise. Plasma ANP level and LVEF were measured before and after administration of prazosin (an alpha 1-adrenergic blocker), atenolol (a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker), or carteolol (a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker). Plasma ANP level was increased by exercise. Carteolol and atenolol increased plasma ANP levels at rest and during exercise, but the effect of atenolol was not statistically significant. Prazosin significantly suppressed the ANP values at rest and during exercise. The LVEF was increased by prazosin and decreased by beta-blockers, especially by carteolol. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LVEF was the most significant predictor of the plasma ANP level at maximal exercise; the resting blood pressure and heart rate were not predictors of this value. The results showed that single administrations of an alpha-blocker and a nonselective beta-blocker had opposite effects on the plasma ANP level both at rest and during exercise in elderly patients with mild essential hypertension. The observed difference in the ANP response seems to be related to changes in left ventricular function rather than changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
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PMID:Acute effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on plasma atrial natriuretic peptides during exercise in elderly patients with mild hypertension. 182 53

The cardiovascular responses of 24 healthy young adult males with a parental history of hypertension and 24 males without a parental history of hypertension to an extended active-coping psychological stressor were compared under three drug conditions: placebo, the beta 1-blocking agent metoprolol, and the alpha 1-blocking agent prazosin. In the placebo condition, offspring of hypertensives exhibited significantly greater heart rate, blood volume pulse, and forearm blood flow responses to the task. They also exhibited a significantly greater initial decrease in forearm vascular resistance, which, in contrast to the offspring of normotensives, was no longer significantly different from baseline levels by the end of the session. No group differences in blood pressure response were observed. Metoprolol eliminated the differences in heart rate and forearm vascular resistance responses. Prazosin eliminated the difference in blood volume pulse response and elicited a sustained group difference in forearm vascular resistance. These results implicate the sympathetic nervous system in the exaggerated cardiovascular responsivity to psychological stress in individuals with a family history of essential hypertension. They also suggest that the pattern of increasing vascular resistance in response to this stressor observed in this and other studies in this laboratory reflects alpha-adrenergic activity and not neurohumorally independent autoregulation.
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PMID:Exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response to extended psychological stress in offspring of hypertensives. 188 58

Isradipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-entry blocking agent with pronounced vasodilator activity and no significant cardiac effects at clinical doses, a desirable profile for an antihypertensive drug. Prazosin, a post-junctional alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, may produce a similar hemodynamic pattern. Therefore, we compared the effects of isradipine (2.5-10 mg bid) with those of prazosin (2-8 mg bid) in 83 patients with established essential hypertension, using a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. Patients received a placebo for 3-5 weeks, then either isradipine or prazosin over a 6-week titration period, followed by a 4-week plateau phase. During the plateau period, isradipine therapy lowered sitting blood pressure more effectively than did the administration of prazosin: Mean systolic BP fell 16.7 versus 8.1 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and mean diastolic BP was reduced 15.6 versus 12.6 mmHg (p less than 0.01). In the dosing range used (while also noting that prazosin is occasionally titrated up to doses of 30 mg qd), 83% of isradipine-treated patients had at least a 10 mmHg reduction in diastolic BP, compared with 64% of prazosin-treated patients (p = 0.05, FET). Tachyphylaxis did not occur with either drug. The rate of occurrence of side effects was similar in both treatment groups; the most common adverse event seen with isradipine was headache (20%) and with prazosin, dizziness (19%).
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PMID:A multicenter comparison of isradipine and prazosin for treatment of essential hypertension. 214 12

Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total platelet aggregation (induced by adrenaline or ADP) were determined in twenty-eight normotensive subjects and thirty patients with untreated essential hypertension. After 7 days of treatment with prazosin in a dose of 2-8 mg daily the above measurements were repeated in eighteen essential hypertensive patients. A significant increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total adrenaline- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was found in hypertensives. Prazosin restored the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensives to normal, but it had no significant influence either on increased beta-thromboglobulin levels or on platelet aggregation. The results show that increased in vivo activation as well as increased platelet aggregation need not be restored to normal after effective decrease of blood pressure. The results suggest that a combination of drugs with an antihypertensive and antiplatelet (antiaggregating) effect (or use of a drug with both an antihypertensive and antiaggregating effect) can further decrease the development of severe complications of essential hypertension.
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PMID:Beta-thromboglobulin and platelet aggregation in essential hypertension and the influence of prazosin therapy. 214 48

1. Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total platelet aggregation (induced by adrenaline or adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) were determined in 26 normotensive subjects and 26 patients with untreated essential hypertension. Groups of 18 essential hypertensive patients and 18 age- and sex-matched normotensives were compared. 2. After 7 days of treatment with prazosin in a dose of 2-8 mg daily the above measures were repeated in 18 essential hypertensive patients. A significant increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total adrenaline-induced as well as ADP-induced platelet aggregation was found in hypertensives. Prazosin restored the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensives to normal, but it had no significant influence either on increased beta-thromboglobulin levels or on initial and total aggregability. 3. The results confirm increased platelet aggregation and in vivo platelet activation in patients with essential hypertension; however there is a discrepancy with previous reports about those results obtained after prazosin therapy. The results suggest that increased platelet aggregation and in vivo activation need not be restored to normal after effective antihypertensive therapy alone. They give reason for the combination of antihypertensive together with anti-aggregatory therapy in essential hypertension.
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PMID:The effect of prazosin therapy on platelet activation in essential hypertension. 215 Nov 84

Prazosin (Minipress) monotherapy was given to 152 patients with essential hypertension for one year in a multi-center study involving 13 hospitals and university clinics. In three centers serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were also determined in 32 patients with hypertension and hyper/dys-lipoproteinemia. As a consequence of Minipress monotherapy significant decreases were found in serum level of cholesterol (after three months and also after one year), triglycerides (after one year), while the serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol increased. Atherogenic index (a ratio of total cholesterol over HDL-cholesterol) was significantly decreased by Minipress. As new data showing a causative correlation between hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia were published in the literature authors, on the basis of their results, suggest to determine lipid profile in every patient with hypertension. They regard Minipress as the first line drug in young patients with "familial dyslipidemic hypertension". When choosing an antihypertensive drug metabolic side effects should be taken into consideration.
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PMID:[The anti-lipidemic effect of Minipress]. 236 61

Twenty-three patients with essential hypertension were treated consecutively with prazosin or dihydrochlorothiazide or the combination of the two, each treatment period lasting for three months. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c and LDL-c, uric acid, glucose, Na, and K were measured during the baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Both prazosin and dihydrochlorothiazide (THI) decreased blood pressure but the effect of the combination was more pronounced than that of the monotherapies. Prazosin had no effect on the plasma level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, Na, K, and glucose but increased HDL-c, decreased LDL-c, and thereby significantly improved (decreased) atherogenic index (total cholesterol/HDL-c). THI increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL + VLDL-c, glucose, and uric acid; decreased HDL-c and K levels; and significantly increased the atherogenic index. Prazosin neutralized the effects of THI on total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, and on LDL + VLDL-c but not on glucose, uric acid, or K. These results suggest that the effects of THI on plasma lipids may be mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptor-related mechanisms but the effects on glucose, uric acid, and K, probably may not be mediated by these mechanisms.
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PMID:Prazosin improves atherogenic index and inhibits the deleterious effect of dihydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. 245 87


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