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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine and the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide on plasma calciotropic hormone concentrations and lumbar bone density were compared during the treatment of hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, 8 week parallel study, followed by a 52 week open label study. There were 32 subjects with stable essential hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mm Hg and < or = 115 mm Hg without medication) without evidence of renal insufficiency or active heart disease. They were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg nitrendipine twice daily or 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide daily. In order to reach and maintain target blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure < or = 95 mm Hg) during the open label period, the nitrendipine dose was titrated up to 30 mg twice daily, and additional antihypertensive drugs, of differing classes, were added as necessary. Blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin, and lumbar bone density was determined by dual photon absorptiometry, at the baseline and at 24 and 52 weeks of antihypertensive drug therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative effects of nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide on calciotropic hormones and bone density in hypertensive patients. 128 36

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), produced by alternative processing of the primary transcript of the calcitonin gene, is a potent vasodilator. We have shown that dietary calcium deficiency accompanied by decreased serum ionized calcium significantly decreases the neuronal content of CGRP in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the growing rat. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is characterized by decreased serum ionized calcium levels and is thought to most closely resemble human essential hypertension. To determine if the neuronal content of CGRP is decreased in the SHR compared to the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) parent strain, CGRP was localized immunocytochemically in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The density of immunocytochemical staining was quantitated by computer-assisted image processing of laminae I and II of the upper thoracic spinal cord of 12-14 week old male SHR (n = 4) and WKY (n = 4) normotensive, control rats. The SHR had significantly decreased neuronal CGRP content compared to the WKY rats (107 +/- 5 vs 121 +/- 6 arbitrary units, P less than 0.01). In contrast, the neuronal density of substance P (SP), which frequently co-exists with CGRP in this neuronal population, was not different between the two groups (SHR, 91 +/- 6 (n = 4) vs WKY, 88 +/- 3 arbitrary units (n = 4)).
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PMID:Decreased spinal cord content of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 172 95

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a highly potent vasodilator, is expressed from the calcitonin-gene and has been localized to nerve fibers of the cardiovascular system, suggesting involvement in the physiologic regulation of vascular tone. In this investigation serum concentrations of CGRP were measured in patients with untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO I-II) and compared with concentrations in sex- and age-matched normal controls to assess a possible relationship between changes in concentrations of CGRP and this condition. The study showed no significant difference in concentrations of CGRP between patients and the normotensive controls. However, a weak but significant positive correlation was found between systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean blood pressures (MBP), and circulating concentrations of CGRP when calculated for all individuals included in the study. No correlation was found between heart rates (HR) and concentrations of CGRP. In the normotensive control group, but not in patients with hypertension, a significant positive correlation was present between body weights and concentrations of CGRP. These findings do not support the hypothesis that low expression of CGRP plays a causal role in essential hypertension, but the results do not exclude a potential receptor defect for CGRP to be involved in the disease.
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PMID:Normal serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in mild to moderate essential hypertension. 187 10

Intravenous injections of calcium gluconate and pentagastrin (CPG) or TRH were compared as secretagogues for calcitonin (CT) in screening for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA (MEN IIA). Administration of CPG resulted in a prompt increase in plasma CT in all five patients with MTC studied, one of whom had a normal baseline value (peak 412-371,000 ng/l, 636-4847% above basal). TRH produced a rise in plasma CT levels only in MTC patients with elevated basal values; the magnitude of increase was less than that observed with CPG (peak 168-17,200 ng/l, 113-180% above basal). CT levels did not rise above 300 ng/l with either test in four unaffected first-degree relatives of MEN IIA patients, three subjects with sporadic unilateral phaeochromocytomas and five controls with essential hypertension. CPG remains the CT secretagogue of choice in screening for MTC in MEN II A.
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PMID:A comparison of calcium pentagastrin and TRH tests in screening for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in MEN IIA. 197 77

At present great attention is paid to Ca2+ metabolic derangement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular alterations. Some researchers interpret this derangement as change in the ratio of parathyroid secretory activity and thyroid C-cell activity. For this purpose the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin were investigated by radioimmunoassay with simultaneous recording of lower limb hemodynamic indices in 136 patients with diabetes mellitus. Change of elasticity of major vessels, a decrease in the reserve blood flow, marked to a greater extent in patients over 40 and combined with essential hypertension, were observed. An increase in the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin was also observed. Direct correlation was established in both age groups between the levels of parathormone and calcitonin and hemodynamic indices.
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PMID:[Secretion of calcium-regulating hormones in diabetes mellitus]. 202 61

The vascular and potentially hypertensive actions of the calcium-regulating hormones 1,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol [1,25(OH)2D3], parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin and related factors such as parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are discussed. 1,25(OH)2D3 has inotropic and calciotropic actions on isolated vascular tissue whereas PTH is a vasodilator. PHF, which has been reported in plasma of humans with essential hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rats, has both pressor and calciotropic actions. Calcitonin is without vascular effects and CGRP is a potent vasodilator. It is concluded that several of the hormones responsible for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis modulate vascular Ca2+ metabolism and force generating capacity. These substances may be long-term modulators of vascular function and play a role in the determination of peripheral vascular resistance.
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PMID:Calcium-regulating hormones in hypertension: vascular actions. 205 66

Under the conditions of standard and customary calcium use, patients suffering from essential hypertension (EH) do not manifest any changes in calciuresis either at the expense of the glomerular or tubular mechanisms. After intravenous hypercalcemic injections EH patients demonstrate well-defined disorders in calciuretic renal function, caused by inadequate suppression of tubular reabsorption of calcium by parathyroid hormone (PTH). The hormonal-renal correlations in EH patients differ from those in normals. More pronounced alterations in the concentration of radioimmune PTH and calcitonin under acute hypercalcemia are not associated with an adequate increment of fractional excretion of calcium whereas the calciuretic effect of exogenous calcium-regulating hormones (CRH) realized at the tubular level is less remarkable. Therefore EH patients manifest changes not only in CRH secretion but also in the sensitivity to them of the renal tubules. White changing parathyroid regulation of calcium metabolism prolonged administration of calcium to EH patients enhances body capabilities of resisting acute alterations in calcemia because of normalization of calciuretic renal function, especially tubular calcium transport. In addition, it lowers arterial pressure and enables reduction of the dose of calcium antagonists used in the treatment of EH.
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PMID:[Calciuretic renal function in patients with essential hypertension]. 208 27

The present study demonstrated that the plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration was lower but the CGRP content of abdominal aorta was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive rats (WKY), using specific CGRP radioimmunoassay (P less than 0.01). In eighteen patients with essential hypertension, the concentration of plasma CGRP was also much lower than that of normal subjects, suggesting that a decreased release of arterial CGRP might be a part of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. In SHR, a significant decrease in blood pressure was found following intravenous injection of 2.5 micrograms/kg of CGRP; similarly, in seven patients with essential hypertension intravenous injection of CGRP (50 micrograms) could induce a significant hypotensive effect. These data suggest that CGRP is a new potential drug for the treatment of essential hypertension.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension. 251 32

To study the relation of calcium channel blockade to calcium metabolism, we measured serum ionized calcium (Ca++i0), magnesium (Mg), calcitonin (CT), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) before and after short-term therapy with verapamil 120 mg three times daily in essential hypertensive subjects on low (10 mEq) and high (200 mEq) dietary sodium intakes. Salt-sensitive compared with salt-insensitive subjects on high v low dietary salt intake had lower Ca++i0 (P less than .05), higher 1,25-D (P less than .02), and a greater hypertensive responsive to verapamil (% delta DBP = 17.7 v -8.2, P less than .05). The % delta DBP was related to the initial CT (r = 0.68, P less than .05), initial 1,25-D (R = -0.89, P less than .01), and to the drug-induced % delta 1,25 D (R = .60, P less than .05). Thus, lower initial calcium and calcitonin levels, higher initial levels of 1,25-D, and a greater drug-induced suppression of 1,25-D were associated with an enhanced hypotensive response to verapamil. Verapamil elevated Ca++i0 (2.46 +/- 0.04 to 2.53 +/- 0.04 2.00 mEq/L, P less than .05), and suppressed Mg (2.00 +/- 0.03 to 1.84 +/- 0.03 mEq/L, P less than .01) and 1,25-D levels (66.7 +/- 8.1 to 51.6 +/- 5.7 pg/mL, P less than .05). These results suggest interactive effects of sodium and calcium metabolism in essential hypertension, especially among salt-sensitive individuals. We conclude that alterations of calcium metabolism may underlie the sensitivity to verapamil therapy and may contribute to its hypotensive effects.
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PMID:The effects of calcium channel blockade on blood pressure and calcium metabolism. 261 Sep 99

In 13 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in 10 normotensive controls, the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on plasma calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH-D, 1,25(OH)2D and calcitonin (CT) was studied. The basal levels of total calcium (2.47 +/- 0.02 mmol/liter) and phosphorus (1.10 +/- 0.04 mmol/liter) in patients with essential hypertension were not different from the control subjects (2.49 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter and 1.22 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter, respectively). However, patients with essential hypertension had elevated levels of 25-OH-D (68.09 +/- 7.48 vs. 26.51 +/- 3.3 mg/ml), 1,25(OH)2D (175.15 +/- 32.5 pmol/liter vs. 118.0 +/- 13.23 pmol/liter) and CT (131.7 +/- 32.36 pg/ml vs. 49.0 +/- 18.62 pg/ml) than in control subjects. In contrast to normotensive subjects, the majority of hypertensive patients showed no rise of plasma 25-OH-D and 1,25(OH)2D in response to ultraviolet irradiation. The results of this study suggest involvement of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension, at least in some patients.
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PMID:Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on plasma vitamin D and calcitonin levels in humans. 263 50


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