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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood antioxidant system parameters were examined in elderly subjects. The authors have developed methods for measurements of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation products. They introduce a new factor 'F' that is supposed to characterize the blood antioxidant system; this factor is based on the values of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and the intensity of lipid peroxidation. The authors come to a conclusion that the blood antioxidant and oxidant systems may be more accurately described with the use of this new factor F. In case of an abdominal tumor whole blood catalase level is elevated and superoxide dismutase activity significantly reduced. Factor F values were found extremely low before death, therefore this factor may be considered an important criterion of a critical state. The blood antioxidant parameters of patients with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension did not much differ from those of age-matched healthy subjects.
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PMID:[Determination of the antioxidant properties of the blood and their diagnostic significance in the elderly]. 172 48

Dietary effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system were studied in 73 patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipoproteinemia (HLPE) type IIa, IIb, IV and essential hypertension. Eiconol-enriched antiatherosclerotic diet has more potent hypolipidemic, hypotensive and thrombolytic action in association with inhibition of LPO, enhances SOD activity, keeps red cell catalase within normal. Vitamin E concentrations were not changed. It is suggested that eiconol addition to antiatherosclerotic diet causes no LPO induction and is pathognomonic for HLPE, hypertension and IHD patients.
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PMID:[Dietary effects of PUFA omega-3 on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in patients with IHD, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension]. 781 30

The reactive oxygen species has been proposed as a key mediator of the progression of renal injury associated with essential hypertension. Among the defense systems operating against the reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the most important antioxidant enzymes (AOEs). In the present study, systolic blood pressure, renal function (creatinine clearance, urinary albumin, and N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase excretion), renal intrinsic AOE activities, and renal histopathology were determined in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats. The effects of a 20-week treatment using three antihypertensive drug regimens--captopril, a sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; temocapril, a potent, non-sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prodrug; and a conventional triple drug combination that includes a vasodilator (hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine)--on renal function, renal tissue, AOE activities, and renal histopathologic abnormalities were evaluated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Renal function and AOE activities were lower in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats than in the Wistar Kyoto rats. Normalization of systolic blood pressure using the antihypertensive drugs improved renal function and produced a nonuniform alteration in renal AOEs; only glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly with the use of all three drug regimens. The mild renal histopathologic abnormality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats was not altered by drug treatment. The improvement in renal function may be related to an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, but no correlation was seen between renal function changes and alteration in activities of superoxide dismutase or catalase.
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PMID:Effects of antihypertensive drugs on antioxidant enzyme activities and renal function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 941 42

Overall, forty-five patients with essential hypertension (EH) were examined. EH patients revealed dysbalance between lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. These disorders were found to correlate, to a certain extent, with severity of the malady, and to affect the character of the course of the process. Enalapril in a dose of 2.5 to 20 mg for 15 days, along with its hypotensive effect, has an antioxidant action on the metabolic processes at the expense of increase in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense, such as catalase and peroxidase, which fact leads to augmentation of the antiperoxidative potential and prevention of further EH progression.
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PMID:[The effect of enalapril maleate on the lipid peroxidation processes and on the body's antioxidant system in patients with hypertension]. 1042 94

Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies H2O2 into oxygen and water and thus limits the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because chronic exposure to excess ROS may contribute to vascular damage, we investigated whether genetic variation in catalase was associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension (EHYT) in 324 individuals (at least 50 years old) who were randomly sampled from an isolated population living in Xiangchang, China. They were screened for genetic variation in the promoter of catalase by direct sequencing. In total, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. The association between the SNPs and EHYT was investigated by a linear regression model under phenotypic selection; in our analyses, we used both SBP>150 mmHg and SBP>160 mmHg as thresholds. A SNP 844 bp upstream of the start codon (SNP-844) demonstrated strong evidence of association with EHYT (SBP>150 mmHg: F=5.09, P=0.008; SBP>160 mmHg: F=7.13, P=0.002). This is the first study to implicate genetic variation in catalase in susceptibility to EHYT and suggests that polymorphisms in promoter regions may be particularly relevant to the study of complex diseases.
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PMID:A polymorphism in the promoter region of catalase is associated with blood pressure levels. 1147 40

Out-of-control reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is one of the key events in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and essential hypertension. We observed that tea polyphenols decreased the production of ROS via regulation of the protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in bovine carotid artery endothelial cells (BCAECs). Both green tea polyphenols (GTP) and black tea polyphenols (BTP) down-regulated the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p67phox while up-regulating catalase expression (p < 0.05, respectively). Pre-treatment with GTP or BTP for 24 h significantly decreased the superoxide anion level (p < 0.05) and permeable fluorescence intensities in Ang II-stimulated BCAECs. A decrease in cell permeability was also observed by pre-treatment with diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) or vitamin E (p < 0.05, respectively). The result demonstrates that tea polyphenols alleviate angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hyperpermeability mainly by decreasing ROS production. Our results suggest that tea polyphenols regulate ROS-related protein expression and may be beneficial in preventing endothelial cell dysfunction and development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension.
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PMID:Tea polyphenols regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit expression and ameliorate angiotensin II-induced hyperpermeability in endothelial cells. 1462 Nov 86

Genetic variations that predispose individuals to complex disorders, such as essential hypertension, may be found in gene coding regions, intronic regions or in gene promoter regions. Most studies have focused on gene variations that result in amino acid substitutions because they result in different isoforms of the protein, presumably resulting in differences in protein properties. Less attention has been placed on the role of intronic or promoter mutations. In this report, we examined two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the catalase (CAT) gene prompter region in a cohort of hypertensive Caucasians and African Americans with a Mass Spec based Homogenous MassEXTEND assay. We found an association when a specific combination of the two promoter SNPs was examined in Caucasians. No association was observed in African Americans. Our data suggest that genetic variations in the promoter region of catalase gene influence the susceptibility to essential hypertension. In addition, the genetic factors that contribute to hypertension maybe different between ethnic groups.
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PMID:Polymorphisms in the promoter region of catalase gene and essential hypertension. 1573 18

In kidney, nitric oxide (NO) produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) regulates sodium and water excretion and renal medullary blood flow. However, excessive NO production causes nitrative damage and oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress may be linked to hypertension, we examined the expression and activity of inducible NOS (iNOS) in the kidney of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and compared our findings to control normtotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. Compared with WKY rat, there was significant (p < .05) overexpression (by 96%) and increased (2-fold) activity of iNOS in the cortex but not in the outer medulla, of SHR kidney; in the inner medulla, there was a 6.9-fold increase in iNOS activity in SHR. Increased expression (by 104%) and activity (3.3-fold) of iNOS was specifically observed in proximal tubules (PTs) of the cortex, accompanied by higher (2-fold) tissue nitrite levels. Although certain antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and Mn-superoxide dismutase were overexpressed, glutathione peroxidase was underexpressed in SHR PTs. Overexpression of the inducer of the iNOS promoter, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), with elevated nitrotyrosinylated proteins, further confirmed an elevated state of iNOS-induced oxidative stress in SHR kidneys, possibly signifying its role in the maintenance of essential hypertension seen in these animals.
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PMID:Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the kidney of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 1577 27

Despite evidence that essential hypertension (EH) is a state of increased oxidative stress, the data on oxidative protein modifications is lacking. Besides, the role of extracellular antioxidant enzymes in EH has not been systematically studied. Study was performed in 45 subjects with EH and 25 normotensive controls. Patients were divided into three groups according to the 2003 ESH/ESC guidelines (grade 1-3). Plasma protein reactive carbonyl derivatives (RCD) and SH-groups (as byproducts of oxidative protein damage) as well as antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase were studied spectrophotometrically and correlated with blood pressure (BP). RCD levels were increased in EH patients compared to controls and correlated significantly with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.495, P<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.534, P<0.01). Plasma SH-groups content was significantly lower in all patients with EH, with no correlation with BP. SOD and catalase activity in patients with grade 1 EH were similar to that of controls. Patients with grade 2 and 3 of EH had lower SOD and catalase activity. However, significant correlation with SBP and DBP was observed for catalase only (r = -0.331; P<0.05 and r = -0.365; P<0.05, respectively). EH patients exhibited higher plasma GPX activity compared to those in controls, and it correlated with SBP (r = 0.328; P<0.05). The results presented show that increased oxidative protein damage is present in all grades of EH. In mild hypertension extracellular antioxidant enzyme activities are not decreased, suggesting they are probably not critical in early EH, but could be important in moderate to severe EH.
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PMID:Byproducts of oxidative protein damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma of patients with different degrees of essential hypertension. 1634 Oct 53

1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of hypotensive therapy with a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril) on selected oxidative stress parameters in the blood of elderly patients with essential hypertension. 2. Studies were performed in 45 elderly patients with essential hypertension at baseline and after the 45th day of perindopril (n = 25) or hydrochlorothiazide (n = 20) therapy, as well as in 25 young and 25 elderly normotensive subjects. The following parameters were measured: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, nitric oxide (NO), carbonyl groups and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, as well as the activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) oxidase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT). 3. The activity of SOD-1 and NO levels were reduced with age. 4. Compared with elderly controls, hypertensive subjects showed increases in baseline MDA, carbonyl group concentrations and Cp oxidase activity and decreases in NO levels and SOD-1 and CAT activities. 5. Treatment with perindopril, but not hydrochlorothiazide, resulted in significant increases in SOD-1 and CAT activities and decreases in MDA concentration and Cp oxidase activity. Both therapies decreased the level of carbonyl groups and increased NO levels. 6. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy has significant anti-oxidant effects that may be important in the treatment of elderly patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide on selected indices of oxidative stress in the blood of elderly patients with essential hypertension. 1689 51


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