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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several epidemiological and clinical studies have established a clear association between alcohol consumption and hypertension. The mechanism of the pressor effect of ethanol is not well understood. We studied the in vitro effects of increasing amounts of ethanol on different Na+ transport systems from human erythrocytes. Ethanol at concentrations higher than 32 mmol/L stimulated ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux, the Na+ efflux depending on the Na+:Li+ countertransport and Na+ leak. At the same concentrations, ethanol inhibited bumetanide-sensitive Na+ efflux. We conclude that, with the exception of Na+-K+ pump, alcohol-induced alterations and those observed in erythrocytes from essential hypertensives may overlap. Therefore, alcohol consumption could potentiate those genetic abnormalities of Na+ transport and contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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PMID:Disturbances of transmembranous sodium transport systems induced by ethanol in human erythrocytes. An approach to the pressor effect of alcohol. 255 70

The effects of alcohol on blood pressure have been studied extensively. Abstention is recommended in high blood pressure as basic non pharmacological treatment. On the other hand short term lowering of blood pressure by alcohol is known. Blood pressure effects of alcohol vary according to chronicity and amount of intake. It is not known how alcohol affects the 24 hour profile of blood pressure, in particular day- and night-time differences. This explorative study investigates the effects of a single dose of alcohol in the evening on the 24 hour blood pressure profile. Nine individuals with essential hypertension (mean age 65.4 +/- 8.7 years) were compared to 10 normotensives (29.6 +/- 3.0 years). Blood pressure was followed on 2 consecutive days by means of a 24 hour ABPM. On one evening the test persons consumed 0.6 g/kg ethanol before bed time. Apart from the direct comparison of the two groups, effects of body weight and daily alcohol consumption were also considered. For analysis of the 24 hour recording the mean 24 hour values, the mean difference between day and night and loads (fraction of blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg) as well as heart rate were used. Ethanol led to nocturnal drops of blood pressure in normotensives and hypertensives alike and thus to an increased day/night difference. The latter increased by 2 +/- 4 mm Hg for the systolic and 2 +/- 1 mm Hg for the diastole values in normotensives and by 6 +/- 2 mm Hg and 3 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively, in hypertensives on the day of alcohol intake. This trend was more marked in individuals with smaller daily alcohol consumption as well as in obese hypertensives. The blood pressure differences were not significant in our test sample because of a large variance in the response. Two normotensives were found to be borderline hypertensives. They exhibited a marked increase of nocturnal blood pressure values above 140/90 mm Hg when compared to the control night. Our study indicates that alcohol consumption should be considered when evaluating 24 hour blood pressure recordings. The blood pressure lowering effect of alcohol during the night is able to modulate the day/night difference can also be useful as diagnostic criterion our data may be clinically relevant.
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PMID:[Effect of alcohol on circadian blood pressure]. 1053 96

Ethanol consumption is associated with left ventricular dysfunction in heavy ethanol drinkers. The effect of moderate ethanol intake on left ventricular function in hypertension, however, is unknown. We investigated the relationship between ethanol consumption and cardiac changes in nonalcoholic hypertensive patients. In 335 patients with primary hypertension, we assessed daily ethanol consumption by questionnaires that combined evaluation of recent and lifetime ethanol exposure and examined cardiac structure and function by echocardiography. Patients with abnormal liver tests, previous cardiovascular events, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, and creatinine clearance <30 mL/min 1.72 m2 were excluded. Left ventricular hypertrophy was found in 21% of hypertensive patients and diastolic dysfunction was detected in 50% by tissue-Doppler imaging. Ethanol consumption was comparable in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction had significantly greater consumption than patients with normal ventricular filling. Left atrial diameter, e' wave velocity, e'/a' ratio, and E/e' ratio changed progressively with increasing levels of ethanol consumption, and prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction increased with a change that became statistically significant in patients consuming 20 g/d of ethanol or more. The e' wave velocity was inversely correlated with ethanol consumption, and multivariate logistic regression indicated that ethanol consumption predicted diastolic dysfunction independently of age, body mass index, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and left ventricular mass index. In conclusion, ethanol consumption is independently associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in nonalcoholic hypertensive patients and might contribute to development of diastolic heart failure.
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PMID:Moderate Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Nonalcoholic Hypertensive Patients. 2767 23