Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system were studied in 73 patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipoproteinemia (HLPE) type IIa, IIb, IV and essential hypertension. Eiconol-enriched antiatherosclerotic diet has more potent hypolipidemic, hypotensive and thrombolytic action in association with inhibition of LPO, enhances SOD activity, keeps red cell catalase within normal. Vitamin E concentrations were not changed. It is suggested that eiconol addition to antiatherosclerotic diet causes no LPO induction and is pathognomonic for HLPE, hypertension and IHD patients.
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PMID:[Dietary effects of PUFA omega-3 on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in patients with IHD, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension]. 781 30

Both hyperinsulinemia and free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the relationship between insulin levels or insulin action and the oxidant/antioxidant balance has not been explored. We measured the effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on plasma concentrations of vitamin E, a major free radical scavenger molecule. Isoglycemic clamps (at an insulin infusion rate of 6 pmol . min-1 . kg-1) were performed in four groups of subjects: (1) 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, (2) eight patients with essential hypertension, (3) 11 nondiabetic obese individuals, and (4) 12 healthy subjects. In 10 healthy volunteers, a time-control experiment was performed by replacing the insulin infusion with normal saline. Vitamin E and plasma lipid levels were determined at baseline and after 2 hours of insulin/saline infusion. Insulin sensitivity was reduced in diabetic, obese, and hypertensive groups in comparison to healthy controls, but fasting plasma vitamin E concentrations were similar in all groups. A consistent decrement in plasma vitamin E concentrations (averaging 12% of baseline, P < .0001) was observed in all subjects receiving insulin regardless of the level of insulin sensitivity, whereas no significant changes in plasma vitamin E were seen in subjects receiving saline infusion (P < .001 v insulin infusion groups). The insulin-induced decrement persisted in all study groups when plasma vitamin E concentrations were corrected for total serum cholesterol levels (-8.9% +/- 1.2% v -0.4 +/- 2.3% of saline controls, P = .0004) or serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL(-10.0% +/- 1.2% v -0.4% +/- 2.2%, P = .0002). We conclude that insulin infusion acutely depletes vitamin E in circulating lipids regardless of insulin resistance. This effect may represent a physiologic means of transferring vitamin E into cell membranes; alternatively, it might reflect a pro-oxidant action of insulin in vivo.
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PMID:Insulin decreases circulating vitamin E levels in humans. 876 59

A protective effect of habitual fish consumption on the development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes is once again suggested in a recent trial. In nondiabetic individuals with essential hypertension, a group known to be insulin resistant, fish oil was not associated with a negative impact on glycemic control, insulin secretion or peripheral insulin sensitivity, even in a subgroup who had impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, more recent, long term, placebo-controlled trials in type II patients have failed to demonstrate a significant impact of fish oil supplementation on glycemic control. Additional information is available regarding qualitative changes in VLDL- and LDL-lipoproteins in type II diabetes patients in response to dietary fish oil supplementation. The impact of fish oil on LDL oxidation is the focus of two recent trials. Vitamin E supplementation may mitigate much of the enhanced oxidation of LDL that is potentially seen with dietary fish oil supplementation.
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PMID:Do n-3 fatty acids improve glucose tolerance and lipemia in diabetics? 912 4

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that has been demonstrated to improve insulin action. Glutathione, another natural antioxidant, may also be important in blood pressure and glucose homeostasis, consistent with the involvement of free radicals in both essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Our group has recently suggested that the effects of reduced glutathione on glucose metabolism may be mediated, at least in part, by intracellular magnesium levels (Mg([i])). Recent evidence suggests that vitamin E enhances glutathione levels and may play a protective role in magnesium deficiency-induced cardiac lesions. To directly investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on insulin sensitivity in hypertension, in relation to the effects on circulating levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and on Mg([i]), we performed a 4-week, double-blind, randomized study of vitamin E administration (600 mg/d) versus placebo in 24 hypertensive patients and measured whole-body glucose disposal (WBGD) by euglycemic glucose clamp, GSH/GSSG ratios, and Mg([i]) before and after intervention. The relationships among WBGD, GSH/GSSG, and Mg([i]) in both groups were evaluated. In hypertensive subjects, vitamin E administration significantly increased WBGD (25.56+/-0.61 to 31.75+/-0.53 micromol/kg of fat-free mass per minute; P<0.01), GSH/GSSG ratio (1.10+/-0.07 to 1.65+/-0.11; P<0.01), and Mg([i]) (1.71+/-0.042 to 1.99+/-0.049 mmol/L; P<0.01). In basal conditions, WBGD was significantly related to both GSH/GSSG ratios (r=0.58, P=0.047) and Mg([i]) (r=0.78, P=0.003). These data show a clinical link between vitamin E administration, cellular magnesium, GSH/GSSG ratio, and tissue glucose metabolism. Further studies are needed to explore the cellular mechanism(s) of this association.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin E and glutathione on glucose metabolism: role of magnesium. 1052 98

The aim of the investigation was to study a possibility to prevent the effects of geomagnetic storms (GMS) on cardiovascular patients. The subjects were patients with stage II to III essential hypertension and functional class II to III coronary artery disease, who were divided into three groups. Patients in group I received basic pharmacotherapy; patients in group II were treated with basic medications plus vitamin E; patients in group III received basic medications plus melatonin (melaxen). Vitamin E and melaxen were administered during a calm period, three days before a GMS, on the day of a GMS, and during three subsequent days. Besides clinico-instrumental examination, the patients were questioned for a range of clinical data. The results of the study substantiate the use of melatonin as a measure to prevent the influence of GMS.
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PMID:[The first experience in application of melatonin (melaxen) for prophylaxis of the effects of magnetic storms on patients with cardiovascular pathology]. 1792 87