Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diurnal 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) pattern was studied with RIA technique in 33 hypertensive patients in supine position and on normal sodium diet. The compound was evaluated every 2 h from 0800-2000 h. Simultaneously, plasma aldosterone and cortisol were measured. Abnormal 18-OH-DOC behavior was observed in only 2 out of 4 patients with Cushing's disease, while sporadic and slight elevations, synchronous with F, were seen in 5 out of 24 stable essential hypertensive patients [1 with normal plasma renin activity (PRA), 1 with low PRA, and 3 with high PRA]. 18-OH-DOC was normal in 2 cases of hypertension due to renal artery stenosis, in 1 patient with nephrosclerosis, and in 1 patient with horseshoe kidney. From these results, 18-OH-DOC does not seem to play an important pathogenetic role in stable essential hypertension, considering also the low mineralocorticoid activity of the compound.
 ...
PMID:Diurnal 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone pattern in human stable hypertension. 40 Jul 33

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, normetadrenaline, metadrenaline and vanilloylmandelic acid has been compared in 17 male normotensive subjects and 25 age-matched male hypertensive patients studied under similar in-patient conditions. 2. 24 h urinary metadrenaline was significantly lower in the hypertensive patients. With this exception, no significant differences were found between the two groups when the total 24 h excretion of free catecholamines and their metabolites was analysed. 3. Diurnal variation in free catecholamine excretion was found in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. There was no corresponding variation in metabolite excretion. 4. No correlation could be established between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and the amounts of the catecholamines or their metabolites in the urine of either group. 5. The results are considered in the light of recent work demonstrating high plasma catecholamine concentrations in hypertension. They lend no support to the concept that excessive circulating catecholamines are responsible for the elevated blood pressure in essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:The urinary excretion of catecholamines and their derivatives in primary hypertension in man. 55 4

Diurnal change of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was investigated in 12 patients with hypertension due to chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 12 patients with essential hypertension (EH) of comparable degree. Blood pressure (BP) monitoring was performed at 15-min intervals, while peripheral blood samples were obtained at 4-hour intervals starting from 8.00 h. The mean 24-hour plasma levels (+/- SEM) of ANP were 24.3 +/- 1.8 pmol/l in EH and 23.4 +/- 1.2 pmol/l in CRF. In EH, plasma ANP concentration was highest at 4.00 h (33.5 +/- 0.8 pmol/l) and lowest at 16.00 h (15.5 +/- 0.6 pmol/l). In CRF, no significant circadian change was present (22.2 +/- 3.1 and 20.4 +/- 3.6 pmol/l, respectively), and the nocturnal fall in BP was lost. Our data demonstrate that in CRF the loss and possible reversal of the nocturnal decline in BP is associated with the disappearance of any significant circadian variation in the circulating concentrations of ANP. These findings suggest a role for ANP in the alteration of BP variability of CRF, possibly mediated by autonomic dysfunction, and are further evidence for the existence of a relation between the circadian rhythms of ANP and BP.
 ...
PMID:Loss of nocturnal increase in plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive chronic renal failure. 145 Nov 18

Twenty-four-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring with a noninvasive device (Kontron) has been used to assess the effect of a single dose of indapamide in a group of patients with essential hypertension. Originally 23 patients were selected. Three patients withdrew from the study because of refusal to go through the second 24-hour recording. Eight of the remaining patients had to be excluded for technical reasons, which left 12 patients available for analysis. All patients received a single dose of indapamide, 2.5 mg/day. Before treatment began, a 24-hour BP control was performed, and a second one a month later (37 +/- 8 days). The age of the patients was 46 +/- 10 years. Diurnal BP (8 am to 10 pm) and heart rate were, respectively, 148 +/- 15/101 +/- 6 mmHg and 79 +/- 9 beats/min; night BP (10 pm to 8 am) was 131 +/- 15/88 +/- 7 mmHg and heart rate 71 +/- 10 beats/min. After therapy, diurnal BP was 131 +/- 15/92 +/- 7 mmHg (-15 +/- 7/-8 +/- 4: p less than 0.0001/p less than 0.0001); heart rate 82 +/- 8 beats/min (difference not significant); night BP was 115 +/- 13/80 +/- 8 mmHg (-16 +/- 11/-8 +/- 7: p less than 0.0001/p less than 0.0001) and heart rate 70 +/- 9 beats/min (difference not significant). Twenty-four-hour systolic work values were 106 +/- 15 at the beginning of the trial and 96 +/- 14 (-9.7 +/- 14; p less than 0.05) after 1 month of indapamide treatment. Variability did not change with treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring and effects of indapamide. 233 Sep 8

Diurnal rhythm of plasma beta endorphin was established with the highest level in the morning and the lowest one at midnight in normotensive subjects and also in patients with essential hypertension. Clonidine (300 micrograms daily) significantly increased plasma beta endorphin concentrations only in the hypertensive patients. The significant linear correlation between the increase in plasma beta endorphin concentration and the decrease in blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) in these patients may point to the role of this endogenous opioid in the antihypertensive action of clonidine.
 ...
PMID:Diurnal rhythm of beta endorphin in normotensive and hypertensive patients: the effect of clonidine. 630 Jan 70

The state of the renal prostaglandins (PG) system was assessed in 54 patients with essential hypertension, stage IB-IIA, as compared to that of patients with symptomatic arterial hypertensions. A decrease in renal PGE2 production, noted in all hypertensive patients and determined on the basis of its diurnal excretion, was particularly pronounced in essential hypertension. Diurnal PGE2 excretion decreased as hypertension progressed in patients with essential hypertension, and renal PGF2 alpha production became prevalent. Renal function is dependent on the level of PG production by the kidney. As renal concentration capacity decreases and renographic findings become less satisfactory, PGE2 excretion decreases as well. Salt loads can bring out functional insufficiency of the renal PG system in essential hypertension, as reflected in a much smaller increase in PGE2 excretion, as compared to the control values, at early stages of salt loading and a considerable increase in PGF2 alpha excretion. In essential hypertension, inadequate renal prostaglandin response to salt loading is, to a certain degree, related to changed renal PGE-9-ketoreductase activity.
 ...
PMID:[Status of the humoral system of renal prostaglandins in patients with hypertension]. 658 45

Diurnal variations of the basal blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension were investigated by the indirect recording methods. To estimate the reduction in blood pressure at midnight, disturbance of sleep in the patients should be considered. Relationship between neurohumoral factors and the diurnal blood pressure variations were also evaluated. 1) Variations of the casual blood pressure at the clinic visits may be stabilized beyond 15 minutes of the sitting rest. 2) During the out-patient treatment of essential hypertension with placebo for 6 weeks, 16% of the patients showed reduction in mean arterial pressure of 13 mmHg or more. 3) Significant influence of seasons on blood pressure was not apparent for 6 weeks of the placebo treatment of hypertension. But in patients under the long-term antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure in summer was maintained significantly lower than in winter. 4) Self-monitoring of blood pressure by patients at home is valuable for estimating diurnal changes of blood pressure with the antihypertensive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Blood pressure variations to be considered in the treatment of hypertension. 719 67

As hypertensive target-organ damage has been associated with diminished diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation in adults, we compared diurnal BP patterns of hypertensive adolescents with left ventricular hypertrophy with normotensive and hypertensive adolescents with normal left ventricular mass. In addition, the frequency of microalbuminuria (Malb), hyperfiltration, and reduced renal functional reserve (RFR) was evaluated in adolescents with normal BP and untreated borderline and mild essential hypertension. Thirty-three normotensive (NT) adolescents, 14.5+/-2.1 years (mean +/- SD), and 29 untreated borderline and mildly hypertensive (HT) adolescents, 14.6+/-2.4 years, wore the SpaceLabs 90207 ambulatory BP monitor for 24 h. Left ventricular mass was measured by M-mode echocardiography and then indexed (LVMI) to the cube of height. Creatinine clearance (Clcr) and urine Malb was measured on 24 h collection and RFR by change in creatinine clearance after an oral protein load. Diurnal BP change was expressed as the absolute and percent day-night BP fall and cusum derived plot height (CPH) and circadian alteration magnitude (CDCAM). Groups were compared using analysis of covariance with adjustments for race, gender, and body mass index. All NT and 19 HT subjects (HT-1) had normal LVMI at 22.2+/-5.3 and 25.8+/-3.8 g/m3, respectively. Ten HT (HT-2) had increased LVMI of 36.9+/-5.2 g/m3. No significant difference was found for absolute or percent day-night BP fall or CDCAM between groups. Nocturnal systolic BP was correlated most closely with LVMI (r = 0.41, p = .001). Clcr, Malb, and RFR did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, adolescents with borderline and mild essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy have similar levels of diurnal BP fall, urine Malb excretion, and RFR compared to normotensive and hypertensive adolescents with normal left ventricular mass.
 ...
PMID:Influence of diurnal blood pressure variations on target organ abnormalities in adolescents with mild essential hypertension. 960 78