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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The forearm resistance vessels of men with primary hypertension respond to verapamil with a greater than normal dilatation relative to that induced by sodium nitroprusside. We have examined the effect on this functional abnormality of treatment with chlorthalidone (50 mg daily in 16 patients) and atenolol (100 mg daily in eight patients and 200 mg daily in two). The responsiveness of the forearm resistance vessels to local intra-arterial infusion of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside was assessed before treatment and again after a minimum of 1 month of drug therapy. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Chlorthalidone induced significant reductions in calculated mean arterial pressure, which fell from 135 +/- 4 to 117 +/- 4 mm Hg, and the dilator response to verapamil at 5 micrograms/min, which was reduced from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 100 ml-1 forearm; the response to sodium nitroprusside at 3.2 micrograms/min was not significantly changed. Atenolol induced significant reductions in mean arterial pressure, which fell from 134 +/- 6 to 123 +/- 6 mm Hg, heart rate which fell from 72 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 2 beats/min, and response to verapamil at 5 micrograms/min which fell from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 100 ml-1 forearm; the response to sodium nitroprusside was not significantly changed. Both drugs caused reversion towards normal of the relative enhancement of responsiveness to verapamil that was present before treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of treatment with chlorthalidone and atenolol on response to dilator agents in the forearm resistance vessels of men with primary hypertension. 662 25

Plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular responses to acute insulin i.v. injection (0.12 U.I. per Kg of body weight) have been studied in eight patients with mild essential hypertension. The hypoglycaemia test was carried out before and after a week of atenolol treatment. In six patients the test was also repeated after propranolol treatment. Following insulin injection, blood sugar fell abruptly with a nadir at 30 m, diastolic blood pressure decreased, and systolic blood pressure and heart rate rose significantly. Atenolol treatment abolished almost completely these hemodynamic changes. By contrast, propranolol caused an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, leaving the heart rate unmodified. During hypoglycaemia, plasma adrenaline rose sharply in coincidence with the glycaemic nadir and declined thereafter during the glycaemic recovery. Plasma noradrenaline rose less markedly than adrenaline, but the increments were significant after 30 and 60 m. Neither atenolol, nor propranolol affected significantly these changes in plasma catecholamine concentration. These data indicate that beta-blockers do not alter the hypoglycaemia-induced adrenomedullary release of catecholamines. We conclude therefore that beta-blockers modify the pattern of the hemodynamic response to acute hypoglycaemia by interfering with the peripheral effects of circulating catecholamines in a way which depends on the degree of beta-1 selectivity of the drug used.
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PMID:[Effect of pretreatment with atenolol and propranolol on sympatho-adrenal and cardiovascular responses to acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in the hypertensive patient]. 676 7

The effect and tolerance of a single daily tablet of Tenormin 100 in the treatment of essential hypertension was investigated in a private practice multicenter trial. 4083 Patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (age range 15--89 years) were treated for four weeks. According to WHO criteria 83.4% of all patients were clearly hypertensive. At the end of the treatment 88.8% were under satisfactory control. The treatment was generally well tolerated. No hitherto unknown side effects occurred. The global therapeutic success rating, also taking into account the side effects, was confirmed mathematically and showed a success rate of 82% for Atenolol in this trial.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypertension with tenormin 100 (atenolol). A general practice study (author's transl)]. 677 49

Cardioselective beta-blocking agent tenormin (atenolol) was used in 55 patients with essential hypertension, Stage II; in 20 of those, central, intracardiac and regional hemodynamics were assessed echocardiographically and rheographically. Tenormin produced a pronounced hypotensive effect within 2-4 weeks of treatment (BP decreasing by 26.8/22.8%). A significant decrease was noted in cardiac index (by 26.8%), heart rate (by 24%), intramyocardial tension (by 21.9%), the myocardial circular fibre shortening rate (by 6.5%), left-ventricular myocardial wall thickness and weight (by 4.5%). Total vascular peripheral resistance did not change significantly (it dropped in half of the patients). Stroke index, output fraction and left-ventricular size remained unchanged. Cerebral and femoral arterial tone also decreased. Tenormin was effective in 5 patients with hypertension combined with bronchial asthma. Owing to its prolonged action, tenormin can be administered once or twice daily, a factor that facilitates considerably prolonged out-patient treatment.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effect of the cardioselective beta-blocking agent tenormin and its action on the indices of systemic, intracardiac and regional hemodynamics in patients with hypertension]. 686 86

To compare the antihypertensive effect of two beta-blocking agents, metoprolol (Seloken) and atenolol (Tenormin), a double-blind study was performed in 55 patients. Following a six-week placebo period the patients, who all had mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO I-II), were randomly allocated to treatment with either metoprolol (n = 28) or atenolol (n = 27). During a six-week period they received 100 mg of either drug once daily. For patients who at the end of that period did not reach a diastolic blood pressure (BP) of less than 95 mmHg the daily dose was increased to 200 mg. Patients who responded (diastolic BP less than 95 mmHg) continued on the initial dosage regimen. When comparing the two groups with regard to the reduction of BP, there was no difference either 24 hours after the last dose or 5-9 hours after drug administration. The decrease in supine systolic/diastolic BP was 18/16 mmHg on metoprolol and 20/16 on atenolol. The decrease in heart rate was comparable in the two groups. Eight patients in the metoprolol and 7 in the atenolol group had their dose increased to 200 mg at the end of the first six-week period. This means that the number of patients not responding to 100 mg daily was comparable in the two groups. We did not observe any differences in side-effects of the two drugs. The results clearly suggest that atenolol and metoprolol are equipotent following once daily administration in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
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PMID:Metoprolol and atenolol administered once daily in primary hypertension. A clinical comparison of the efficacy of two selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. 701 97

Atenolol, Pindolol and Propranolol in single daily doses administered to 18 selected patients with mild essential hypertension achieved adequate control of blood pressure. Chlorothiazide had been initially administered twice a day without full control of blood pressure and this diuretic therapy was continued unaltered throughout the study. Methacholine challenge testing of respiratory function was performed during the placebo phase and with each beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drug. In the 18 non-asthmatic patients, the reduction in FEV1, was significant only for propranolol therapy when compared to placebo. Each beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations.
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PMID:Beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs once daily in essential hypertension: a comparison of propranolol, pindolol and atenolol. 701 82

Atenolol has been studied prospectively in the management of ten patients with essential hypertension during pregnancy. Median supine BP fell significantly from 156/98 mmHg before treatment to 128/82 mmHg at term. Atenolol did not suppress cardiotocographic signs of foetal distress. Although there was one intrauterine death, the remaining nine babies had a median Apgar score at birth of 9 and a median weight which was 82% of the gestational mean. There were no cases of neonatal bradycardia or respiratory depression and the only case of hypoglycaemia was in a dysmature baby. These findings justify a formal study of beta-adrenoceptor blocker therapy in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy.
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PMID:Atenolol in the treatment of essential hypertension during pregnancy. 710 79

The research over 1023 patients examined in a metallurgical firm for prevalence of essential hypertension has proven that 144 subjects were hypertensive (5 secondary and 139 essential hypertension). 51 patients (35.4%) did not know to be hypertensive, 26 (18%) were without therapy and 57 (39.5%) were inadequately treated. 75 subjects with essential hypertension were treated once daily with Atenolol 100 mg. After a six months treatment 85.4% of patients reached a good control of blood pressure (lying diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 95 mmHg). Atenolol was well tolerated, few collateral effects have been encountered (13.3%) but mainly the treatment did not cause weakness nor diminished the work capability of the subjects which instead had proven to happen with non selective beta-blocking drugs.
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PMID:[Prevalence of essential arterial hypertension in workers in a metal-mechanic factory. Effects of long-term therapy with a beta-1 blocker]. 718 40

1 In an open, randomized cross-over investigation of thirteen patients (nine and four women, aged 37-67 years) with mild or moderate essential hypertension a comparison between atenolol and metoprolol was carried out in order to study the effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg given once daily on blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during exercise. 2 Before one beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug was replaced by the other in a patient an intervening drug-free interval of sufficient length was secured to allow an increase in the blood pressure to pretreatment levels. 3 A maximal fall in blood pressure was achieve with 50 mg atenolol once daily, with no further reduction when the dose was increased to 100 mg or 200 mg. Maximal blood pressure reduction was achieved with 100 mg metoprolol daily, while the hypertensive effect of 50 mg once daily was not consistent. Significant reductions in heart rate in all test situations were observed with 50 mg atenolol, while 200 mg metoprolol 100 was necessary to reduce exercise-induced tachycardia. 4 Atenolol 50 mg and metoprolol 100 mg once daily are efficient in treating mild or moderate hypertension and doses beyond these may not reduce the blood pressure further. On the contrary lower doses than generally recommended may be effective in the individual patient.
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PMID:A comparative study of atenolol and metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension. 734 Aug 90

Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs are recognized to be safe and effective treatment for high blood pressure. Centrally mediated side effects, such as sedation, are commonly dose- and treatment-limiting events. Imidazoline-preferring receptors, while functionally similar to alpha 2 adrenoceptors, are distinguishable not only on the basis of in vitro radioligand binding but also in vivo in terms of side effects. Drugs with an imidazoline structure lower blood pressure but are less likely to impair psychomotor function. A placebo-controlled study compared moxonidine 0.1 mg with clonidine 0.1 mg orally in nine normal subjects. Both active drugs lowered blood pressure compared to placebo (clonidine more than moxonidine). However, psychomotor function and self-scored sedation and dry mouth were significantly affected only by clonidine. In a long-term (4 weeks) double-blind cross-over study in essential hypertension, rilmenidine was well tolerated and had similar effects to those of atenolol on erect and supine blood pressure. Rilmenidine had no effect on a wide range of autonomic and psychomotor tests or on responses to mental or physical stress. Atenolol, by contrast, had the predicted effects of a beta adrenoceptor antagonist on heart rate during exercise and the Valsalva maneuver. Imidazoline-preferring drugs offer a new and realistic approach to antihypertensive therapy with blood pressure reduction not limited by marked sedation within the therapeutic dose range.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on imidazoline and adrenergic receptors. Studies with clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, and atenolol. 767 87


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