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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The haemodynamic pattern of the common carotid artery was studied before and after administration of captopril isosorbide dinitrate and nitrendipine, in men with sustained essential hypertension. Pulsed Doppler methods were used. Captopril produced both a fall in vascular resistance and an increase in the arterial diameter of the common carotid artery. Thus, in the common carotid artery circulation of patients with essential hypertension only captopril dilated both small and large arteries.
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PMID:Captopril and common carotid blood flow in patients with essential hypertension--a review. 331 39

The effect of captopril 25 to 50 mg twice daily on 24 h blood pressures was compared with placebo in 14 patients with essential hypertension. Captopril was started in a dose of 25 mg b.d. in all patients. This dose was increased to 50 mg b.d. in those patients whose blood pressure was not normalized after 4 weeks (group II, n = 5), while in the others the same dose was continued (group I, n = 9). Blood pressure was measured at the end of the placebo period and after 8 weeks captopril, both in the office with a random zero sphygmomanometer and ambulant at home with a portable automated non-invasive blood pressure measuring device (ICR). In comparing the ICR measurements with those made with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer good agreement between the two methods for both diastolic (r = 0.94, n = 110) and systolic (r = 0.96, n = 110) blood pressure was found. In group I office blood pressures (mean +/- s.e.m.) decreased from 166 +/- 7/100 +/- 3 mm Hg to 144 +/- 4/87 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). In group II these reductions were from 165 +/- 7/104 +/- 2 mm Hg to 152 +/- 5/90 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). During ambulatory monitoring, blood pressure was shown to have a circadian rhythm both on placebo and on captopril. Captopril 25 mg b.d. lowered blood pressure throughout the 24 h observation period, although these reductions were smaller at night than during the day. In group II comparable effects of captopril 50 mg b.d. were demonstrated. Captopril 25 to 50 mg twice daily adequately controls blood pressure in most patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Low dose captopril twice daily lowers blood pressure without disturbance of the normal circadian rhythm. 353 45

In order to assess the neurohormonal responses to oral administration of two drugs with different antihypertensive mechanisms, and their implications for long-term efficacy, we studied the changes in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, catecholamines and blood pressure after two cross-over periods of treatment with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide for three months in 14 patients with moderate essential hypertension. Similar levels of plasma renin activity were achieved with both but plasma levels of noradrenaline and aldosterone rose with hydrochlorothiazide (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.05). Dopamine levels decreased with captopril. Six patients on hydrochlorothiazide had potassium levels under 3.5 mmol/l. Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide were effective in controlling blood pressure in 78% and 50% of the patients respectively, but in cases where noradrenaline was significantly increased after treatment, the effect on diastolic blood pressure was less (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that captopril is highly effective for blood pressure control and that the neurohormonal responses to the drug probably provide additional benefits for long-term therapy in hypertension.
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PMID:Neurohormonal responses to antihypertensive treatment with captopril or hydrochlorothiazide. 353 50

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of captopril on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic patients with essential arterial hypertension. Sixteen patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension were studied. Captopril was employed in different doses, and where patients receiving 100 mg/day remained hypertensive, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day was added. Treatment was maintained for 90 days in 14 patients, 2 being excluded because of side effects. Basal blood pressure was normalized in 8 patients (57%) with captopril alone, and in 6 patients (43%) following the addition of hydrochlorothiazide. Basal glucose levels were not altered. Oral glucose tolerance tests performed during captopril treatment showed a lower glucose response, without changes in the insulin response. There was significant weight loss during the study. We conclude that captopril appears to be a safe treatment in essential hypertension associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, producing no deleterious effects on metabolic control.
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PMID:Effect of converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 353 65

The purpose of this study was to evaluate over a 24 h period the antihypertensive effect of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg once a day in mild to moderate hypertension. Ambulatory recordings over 24 h of the blood pressure using the Spacelabs system were performed, at the end of a 15-day placebo period and after giving captopril + HCTZ for 45 days. Captopril + HCTZ significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) systolic and diastolic blood pressures for both the diurnal period (8 h to 22 h) and the nocturnal period (22 h to 8 h). No change in heart rate was observed. For further analysis, the mean hour values of blood pressure and heart rate were calculated. A constant decrease of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure throughout the 24 h was obtained after captopril + HCTZ without any change in heart rate and in nyctohemeral variations. The study provided evidence that, in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, captopril + HCTZ once a day decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure all day long without any change in the heart rate and the blood pressure nyctohemeral cycle.
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PMID:Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide 24 h ambulatory monitoring effects. 355 86

The hypotensive effect of captopril 50 mg twice daily and of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg once daily was studied in 12 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, whose blood pressure was not normalized by captopril 25 mg twice daily alone. Both captopril 50 mg twice daily and captopril 50 mg + HCTZ 25 mg once daily caused a significant reduction of outpatient blood pressures as compared with placebo (P less than 0.001). Captopril 50 mg + HCTZ 25 mg once daily also reduced outpatient blood pressures significantly when compared with captopril 25 mg twice daily (P less than 0.01). Both captopril 50 mg twice daily and captopril 50 mg + HCTZ 25 mg once daily significantly reduced 24 h blood pressure (P less than 0.001) without disturbance of its normal circadian rhythm. This effect was more pronounced while on captopril + HCTZ. Captopril 50 mg + HCTZ 25 mg once daily normalizes 24 h blood pressure in most patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, whose blood pressure is not controlled by captopril 25 mg twice daily alone.
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PMID:Captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide once daily normalizes 24 h blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. 355 87

The efficacy of captopril treatment was compared with that of propranolol in a single-blind crossover study in 14 patients with essential hypertension uncontrolled on diuretic alone. Both captopril (37.5 to 75 mg daily) and propranolol (60 to 120 mg daily), in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg daily), caused a significant fall in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Heart rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone data were consistent with the effects of converting enzyme inhibition or beta blockade. Both drugs were well tolerated. Captopril appeared to be equivalent in efficacy and safety to propranolol when added to hydrochlorothiazide. It may be considered as an alternative step 2 antihypertensive agent, especially in patients experiencing unwanted effects on beta blockers.
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PMID:Crossover comparison of captopril and propranolol as step 2 agents in hypertension. 388 29

Captopril is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been widely used in treating hypertension. We present a case of cough associated with captopril treatment in a patient with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Cough associated with the use of captopril. 389 84

Capoten (captopril) treatment was conducted in 39 patients with essential hypertension of stage IIA-IIB and in 4 patients with idiopathic hyperplasia of the adrenals. In 35 patients the hypotensive effect was evaluated following a single administration of captopril in a dose of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg. Twelve patients were treated with this drug alone while in 23 patients it was combined with saluretics. Captopril monotherapy elicited a good and moderate hypotensive effect in 70% of patients with a high and stable hypertension. Both mono- and combined therapy was associated with a decrease in adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion and an increase in uterine kallikrein excretion. The examination of the regional circulation revealed a significant reduction in the resistance and tonus of the arterioles and an enhancement of the blood flow in the forearm as well as an increase in venous tensility. When captopril was combined with diuretics these changes were less marked.
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PMID:[Use of captopril (capoten) in arterial hypertension]. 390 May 22

The effects of captopril have been studied in 10 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with moderate essential hypertension. Captopril was given as monotherapy (75-100 mg/day) over a period of 60 days. The following effects of captopril were seen in these patients: a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.01) and of diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001), both in the supine and in the standing position; a significant increase of the vital capacity (P less than 0.05); no significant change in other various respiratory function tests or of heart rate, and no side effects, including bronchospasm in the patients sensitive to bronchodilator drugs. The present data suggest that in COPD patients with essential hypertension, captopril is an effective hypotensive agent and has no adverse effects in pulmonary function.
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PMID:Treatment of essential hypertension with captopril in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 391 Jul 74


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