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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Chlorothiazide twice a day plus atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol and propranolol in single daily doses administered to patients with essential hypertension achieved effective control of blood pressure. 2. Each beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations.
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PMID:beta-Adrenoreceptor-blocking agents and lipid metabolism. 3 7

Thirty-two USAF aircrewmen with mild or moderate, uncomplicated essential hypertension were treated with Aldactazide (spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide). The study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of this drug combination in aircrew subject to the stress of flying high-performance aircraft. All patients were investigated in detail before, and again 6 weeks after, beginning Aldactazide treatment. Adequate blood pressure control was achieved in 94% of patients; 84% were able to return to flying duties. Treatment was associated with a moderate loss of weight and plasma volume, and a slight reduction in renal function. Tolerance to multiple stress tests was unimpaired after treatment. Symptoms attributable to treatment were minimal. We conclude that in the dose used, four tablets or less daily, Aldactazide is a safe and fairly effective secondline treatment for hypertensive aircrewmen.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension in aviators: a clinical trial with Aldactazide. 63 11

In a controlled double-blind crossover study followed by an open longterm continuation period, the antihypertensive effect of timolol (Blocadren), a new beta-receptor antagonist, was investigated in 24 ambulatory patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension who were concomitantly receiving Moduretic as baseline diuretic therapy. The addition of timolol to one tablet daily Moduretic resulted in a clinically and statistically significant further reduction of supine and upright systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The average total daily dosage schedule for timolol ranged between 15 and 20 mg, with the same blood pressure lowering effect whether the divided dose was given twice or three times. Significant sinus bradycardia was consistently observed but well tolerated, with only one patient requiring dose reduction. After 48 weeks of treatment (comprising 46 weeks Moduretic and 36 weeks timolol) 20 of 22 patients were normotensive (supine diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg) while in two the hypotensive response proved inadequate. One patient was dropped from the study after 3 days of timolol treatment because of acute bronchial asthma. When specifically questioned, one-third of the patients admitted experiencing cold extremities. One patient exhibited Raynaud's syndrome which was treated symptomatically while continuing in the study. In terms of electrolyte balance, the fixed combination of hydrochlorothiazide and the antikaluretic amiloride (Moduretic) as baseline therapy essentially proved adequate. On occasion, however, two subject revealed hypokalemia requiring short-term oral potassium supplement. During the initial 10 to 16 weeks a steady decline in serum potassium was observed but this stabilized itself thereafter. The concomitant administration of Moduretic and timolol (Blocadren) was shown to be an effective therapeutic regimen in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. This combination is particularly suitable for patient compliance in longterm therapy, as timolol can be given twice daily.
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PMID:[The anti-hypertensive effect of timolol maleate (blocadren) in gradated combination with a diuretic]. 101 66

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg, amiloride 5 mg (HCTZ-A) (Moduretic; MSD) and its combination with pindolol and nadolol on renal function were compared in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (mean untreated supine blood pressure 179 +/- 5.7/108 +/- 2.6 mmHg) with compromised renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 85 ml/min). After randomisation to a beta-blocker plus diuretic, the beta-blocker was washed out (diuretic-only period) and the other beta-blocker added. Eleven patients completed the randomised cross-over comparative study, 5 receiving pindolol 15 mg plus 1 dose of HCTZ-A daily for 6 weeks, and 6 nadolol 120 mg plus 1 dose of HCTZ-A daily. The beta-blocker was then withdrawn for 4 weeks, after which each group of patients received 1 dose of HCTZ-A plus the alternative beta-blocker daily for 6 weeks. The GFR was measured using chromium-51-ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid at the end of each treatment phase. The mean GFR (+/- SE) fell from 69.6 +/- 5.8 to 60.6 +/- 5.1 ml/min (P < 0.01) during HCTZ-A therapy, whereas the addition of pindolol or nadolol caused no further drop in the GFR. We conclude that mild degrees of renal impairment in essential hypertension may be aggravated by HCTZ-A therapy when given as one tablet of Moduretic daily.
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PMID:Effects of therapy on renal impairment in essential hypertension. 146 89

Twenty-four black men with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled in an open-label trial comparing the efficacy of two doses of Capozide (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide). All antihypertensive drugs were discontinued and patients then received placebo for 2 weeks. Twenty-two patients, mean age 59.1 +/- 14.3 years, with sitting diastolic blood pressure (BP) 92 to 110 mm Hg, entered the 6-week active-drug phase. Eleven patients (Group A) were randomized to Capozide 25/15 and 11 (Group B) to Capozide 50/15. Baseline mean BPs were 151.0/100.7 mm Hg in Group A and 153.1/100.7 mm Hg in Group B. At week 6, mean BPs were 128.7/84.4 mm Hg in Group A and 126.8/82.7 mm Hg in Group B. Uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels rose slightly in both groups. There were no adverse events. Eighteen patients had normal BPs at study completion. Twice-daily Capozide treatment is effective and well tolerated in blacks; patients responded equally well to both doses.
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PMID:Treating black hypertensives with capozide. 304 29

In a double-blind parallel-group study 133 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomised to felodipine 5mg twice daily or Moduretic mite every morning after a run-in placebo period of 1 to 2 weeks. All previous antihypertensive therapy was withdrawn at the start of the run-in period. After 4 weeks the dose of felodipine was increased to 10mg twice daily, and Moduretic mite was replaced by Moduretic in patients with a diastolic blood pressure of greater than 80mm Hg. On the low dose, the supine blood pressure on felodipine was reduced by 24/14mm Hg from 174/105mm Hg, and on Moduretic mite by 19/11mm Hg from 171/103mm Hg. After the increase in dosage blood pressure was lowered further. There was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure reduction between the 2 groups. Severe adverse drug experiences (ADEs) were few and equally distributed. However, more felodipine patients were withdrawn because of ADEs. Potassium levels decreased and uric acid levels increased significantly in the Moduretic group.
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PMID:Felodipine versus Moduretic. A double-blind parallel-group multicentre study. 332 77

After a run-in period of 8 weeks on a regimen of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT, median dosage 75 mg/day), patients with essential hypertension were randomly allocated to continued hydrochlorothiazide therapy (Group I) or additional treatment with amiloride (Group II, median dosage 15 mg/day, or 5 mg per 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) for the following 12 weeks. Thereafter all the patients were changed to treatment with a fixed combination tablet containing 5 mg amiloride and 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide (Moduretic), keeping the thiazide dosage unchanged for an additional 12 weeks. In Group I patients there was no change in plasma potassium, total body potassium content or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during the 12 weeks on HCT. When the treatment was changed to Moduretic, significant increases were found of 10% in plasma potassium and 3% in total body potassium content. No important stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was found. In Group II patients addition of an average of 15 mg amiloride to the hydrochlorothiazide treatment led to significant increases in plasma potassium and total body potassium content of approximately 15% and 4%, respectively. There was also a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Reducing the average dose of amiloride to 7.5 mg/day by use of Moduretic did not lead to decrease in plasma potassium or total body potassium content. Plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were decreased, but the individual changes varied markedly and no significant overall change was found.
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PMID:Effects of combined therapy with amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide on plasma and total body potassium, blood pressure, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive patients. 351 43

In this study we compared the absorption and disposition of two commonly used combination formulations of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene (Dyazide and Maxzide) in 48 patients with essential hypertension after dosing with each formulation to steady state. Interdose AUC and urinary recovery of hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, and the major metabolite of triamterene, hydroxytriamterene sulfate (adjusted for dose), documented marked impairment in the absorption of hydrochlorothiazide (approximately two third as bioavailable) and triamterene (about half as bioavailable) from Dyazide in comparison to Maxzide. The study also demonstrated a reduction in the clearance of triamterene, hydrochlorothiazide, and hydroxytriamterene sulfate with increasing age. Linear correlation analyses suggested that this effect was a result of the reduction in renal function that occurs with increasing age.
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PMID:Absorption and disposition of two combination formulations of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene: influence of age and renal function. 373 85

Atenolol, Pindolol and Propranolol in single daily doses administered to 18 selected patients with mild essential hypertension achieved adequate control of blood pressure. Chlorothiazide had been initially administered twice a day without full control of blood pressure and this diuretic therapy was continued unaltered throughout the study. Methacholine challenge testing of respiratory function was performed during the placebo phase and with each beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drug. In the 18 non-asthmatic patients, the reduction in FEV1, was significant only for propranolol therapy when compared to placebo. Each beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations.
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PMID:Beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs once daily in essential hypertension: a comparison of propranolol, pindolol and atenolol. 701 82

27 patients with essential hypertension received placebo for 2 weeks, then 1 Moduretic tablet (50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 5 mg amiloride) daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 Moduretic tablets daily for a further 10 weeks. The average systolic and diastolic reductions were 26.3/14.0 mm Hg standing and 27.8/19.7 mm Hg lying. 17 of the 27 patients were treated before the beginning of the study with 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide or an equivalent preparation. After 14 weeks' therapy with Moduretic the average systolic/diastolic fall in pressure in these 17 patients was 18.5/9.9 mm Hg standing and 21.6/14.3 mm Hg lying, which was lower than with a thiazide monotherapy. No cases of hyperkalemia or hypokalemia were observed. Moduretic lowers the blood pressure considerably more than thiazide alone and without any concomitant danger of hypokalemia.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the anti-hypertensive effect of moduretic and thiazides]. 742 77


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