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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within the last 10 years the indications for a therapeutic regimen with beta-blocking-agents have been differentiated: coronary heart disease with angina pectoris (interval regimen), essential hypertension, especially in younger persons; hyperkinetic heart syndrome; thyreotoxikosis, symptomatic therapy; heart rhythm disorders, extrasystolic or tachysystolic; neurologic-psychiatric diseases. The development of the newer beta-blocking-agents has effected different kinetic data (f.i. long acting effects of Tenormin) and a increased cardioselectivity. The recommendations for the therapeutic regimen have to be outlined to the underlying diseases. The sensitivity against the drugs depends on remarkable individual differences, with the consequence of a careful and low dosage in the beginning in each case. The side-effects of beta-blocking-agents are presumably: bradycardia, bronchospasm, fatigue, adynamia, myocardial insufficiency, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoglycemia, hypotension.
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PMID:[Therapy with beta-blocking-agents (author's transl)]. 3 43

Fifty-five patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension were treated with guanabenz (2, 6-dichlorobenzylidene aminoguanidine acetate) in doses from 4 to 16 mg twice daily in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The patients treated with placebo in the initial phase of the study were subsequently treated with guanabenz. The mean arterial pressure in the guanabenz group decreased from 130.6 to 107.6; that in the placebo group decreased from 129.6 to 126.6 standing and from 126.6 tp 109.9 and 128.8 to 120.5, respectively, supine. The principle adverse effects included sedation, dry mouth, weakness, and tiredness. Of the guanabenz-treated patients 84% had sustained decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more, whereas in the placebo-treated patients only 32% had such a response. There was no significant orthostatic hypotension. Guanabenz thus appears to be an effective antihypertensive drug in patients with mild to moderately severe hypertension.
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PMID:Guanabenz in essential hypertension. 31 38

A double-blind, crossover, multicentre study of 98 previously untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension was carried out in general practice to assess the effect of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg atenolol, given once daily, compared with that of placebo over a period of 4 weeks each. At the end of the double-blind phase, all patients took 100 mg atenolol daily for a further 8 weeks. All three doses of atenolol produced statistically significant falls in systolic and diastolic pressure and pulse rate (p less than 0.001). The lowest pressures were achieved with 100 mg daily; a difference of 22/15 mmHg at the end of the double-bling phase, and a difference of 25/16 mmHg at the final observation. Body weight, blood urea, blood uric acid, and serum electrolytes remained within normal limits throughout the study. The incidence of side-effects with 50 mg and 100 mg atenolol was not significantly different from that caused by placebo, but the incidence of tiredness at the 200 mg dose level was greater than that caused by placebo and by the lower doses. The incidence of possible side-effects elicited by a questionnaire was low, the greatest number being volunteered by patients taking placebo. It is concluded that the optimal dose of atenolol for treating patients with mild to moderate hypertension in general practice is 100 mg daily.
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PMID:A dose-response study of atenolol in mild to moderate hypertension in general practice. 34 Jan 36

A large, open, multi-centre study was carried out in general practice to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of a combination of 10 mg pindolol plus 5 mg clopamide, in single tablet form, in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Computer analysis of the records of 8989 patients who completed the 8-weeks' study period showed that treatment with the combination product, in a dosage of 1 tablet daily in 83% of the patients, resulted in excellent blood pressure control in the majority (75%) of cases, irrespective of age or previous antihypertensive treatment, and was particularly effective in those with mild to moderate hypertension who had previously not received any therapy. Side-effects were generally not troublesome and only 8.3% of patients stopped treatment for this reason. The most commonly reported side-effects were dizziness, nausea, tiredness and headache.
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PMID:A multi-centre general practice trial of a pindolol/clopamide combination ('Viskaldix') in essential hypertension. 39 10

The effect of the alpha-blocker indoramin was studied in a 4-week double-blind comparative trial with placebo in 39 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Dosage of indoramin was individually adjusted and ranged from 125 mg to 200 mg daily. Indoramin produced a significantly greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure than placebo, and 9 (56%) out of 16 patients attained diastolic pressures of 90 mmHg or less. Heart rate, haematology and blood biochemistry were unaffected by treatment with indoramin, and there were no E.C.G. changes. Nine out of 19 patients on indoramin complained of side-effects. These were generally not troublesome, although 3 patients withdrew because of severe tiredness or weight gain.
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PMID:Indoramin in the treatment of hypertension: a placebo controlled trial. 78 59

1 Thirteen men with untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I were studied on an outpatient basis to evaluate the haemodynamic long-tern effect of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker, atenolol. 2 Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac output (Cardiogreen) and intraarterial branchial pressure were recorded at rest in a supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 300, 600 and 900 kpm/min. 3 The subjects were treated with atenolol (dose 100-200 mg/day) as the sole drug for 1 year and the haemodynamic study was repeated. 4 The blood pressure was reduced approximately 18% both at rest and during exercise, the heart rate approximately 25% and the cardiac output 16% at rest supine and 27% at rest sitting. During exercise the reductions in cardiac output were approximately 20%. The calculated total peripheral resistance was not decreased compared to pretreatment values. The mean arterial pressure-heart rate product was reduced almost 40%. 5 Apart from temporary muscular fatigue during the first weeks, no side-effects were seen. 6 Atenolol is an effective blood pressure lowering drug in mild and moderate hypertension, but the drop in blood pressure is associated with marked reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest as well as during exercise.
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PMID:Haemodynamic long-term effects of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, atenolol (ICI 66082), in essential hypertension. 97 71

1. One hundred patients with severe essential hypertension have been treated with minoxidil for a mean period of 8-4 months in a study involving eleven European centres. Seventy-two males and twenty-eight females were included in the group; the mean age was 55 years and the initial supine systolic and diastolic pressures averaged 212 (range 150-270) and 125 (range 90-150) mmHg respectively. 2. Reduction of supine diastolic pressure to less than 100 mmHg occurred in 94% of patients within 4 weeks. After the average follow-up period of 8-4 months the mean pressures were 151/91 mmHg. Concomitant therapy with beta-receptor-blocking agents and diuretics resulted in satisfactory control of heart rate and weight gain. 3. Side effects included increased hair growth, nausea, fatigue, rash and darkening of the skin. ECG showed mainly T-wave changes and echocardiographic examination indicated improved ventricular emptying.
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PMID:The use of minoxidil in the treatment of severe essential hypertension: a report on 100 patients. 107 84

The efficacy of prazosin given either alone or in combination with polythiazide was assessed in a study of 50 outpatients with essential hypertension. Among the 29 who completed 42 months of therapy, blood pressure fell significantly in 76%. Of the 21 who dropped out of the study after 1 to 41 1/2 months, 43% showed improvement, 38% showed no change, and 19% showed worsening of hypertension. The most common side effects were lack of energy and weakness. Diabetics and alcoholics tolerated prazosin well. Of the 50 patients who started treatment with prazosin alone, only 23 required addition of polythiazide.
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PMID:A long-term clinical trial of prazosin. 110 91

A multicenter open trial involving 50 hypertension patients enabled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Isoptine L.P. (sustained release verapamil) in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Following a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients were given Isoptine L.P. (240 mg/24 h) as a morning dose for 3 months, with a possible dose increase (360 mg/24 h) in case of diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or more at the 30-day evaluation. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer and, in 20 patients, by a Dinamap type Automatic device. After 3 months of treatment, blood pressure levels in supine and standing position, measured manually and automatically, showed a highly significant decrease, with a mean fall of 18.4 mmHg for systolic (13.7 percent) and 13.2 mmHg diastolic (-14.6 percent). 67 percent of patients were responders after 1 month of treatment and 79 percent at 3 months, including one-fifth at the dose of 360 mg/24 h. Seventeen patients, i.e. 34 percent, reported one or more adverse reactions. Among these, four patients had to stop treatment, twice because of headache and twice for constipation. Adverse events seen most frequently were constipation, headache, tiredness and vomiting. No cardiac adverse events were reported with the exception of one case of atrial premature contractions. The electrocardiogram revealed significant slowing of heart rate, as well as slight prolongation of PR and QT intervals and slight widening of the QRS complex. Tolerability on the basis of laboratory parameters was good.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of isoptine LP in mild to moderate hypertension. A multicenter study with 50 patients]. 130 Sep 22

In a randomized, parallel, double-blind study, lisinopril (n = 412) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure more than nifedipine did (n = 416) after ten weeks treatment in patients (40-70 years) with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Lisinopril was tolerated better than nifedipine, with fewer withdrawals. Adverse experiences reported after a general question on discomfort were significantly lower for lisinopril than for nifedipine. Questions referring specifically to symptoms revealed higher frequency of coughing with lisinopril, while flushing, edema, palpitations, dizziness, tiredness and rash were reported more frequently with nifedipine. Quality of life was similarly assessed by both patients and spouses. No significant differences in well-being during treatment were found for either drug, except in the case of the highest dose level of nifedipine, which caused a deterioration of well-being.
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PMID:[Treatment with lisinopril or nifedipine in essential hypertension. A Norwegian multicenter study of the effect, tolerance and quality of life of 828 patients]. 133 84


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