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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An exaggerated, early prolactin response (p less than 0.01) was observed in ten patients with untreated essential hypertension (148 +/- 4/97 +/- 1 mmHg, means +/- SE) compared with ten healthy normotensive men of the same age (124 +/- 3/78 +/- 2 mmHg) after administration of metoclopramide, a competitive dopamine antagonist. The normotensive peak value of prolactin never exceeded that of the hypertensive (p less than 0.05). Since prolactin is considered an indicator of central dopaminergic activity, these findings suggest an altered central dopaminergic activity in mild essential hypertension.
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PMID:Central dopaminergic control of prolactin in essential hypertension. 347 33

The effect of single-dose, short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (7 years) guanfacine therapy on various endocrine and metabolic parameters was evaluated in patients with moderate essential hypertension (WHO phase I and II). A single oral dose (2 mg) of guanfacine did not affect the secretion of growth hormone but produced a prompt decrease in blood pressure (BP) levels. Short-term treatment decreased BP and heart rate, and also produced a marked (p less than 0.001) fall in urinary excretion of norepinephrine and serum prolactin levels. Short-term therapy did not affect growth hormone or renin levels. A mean daily dose of 2.8 mg of guanfacine maintained normal BP levels in 22 patients during the long-term follow-up study. In addition, treatment produced a progressive decrease in prolactin, renin, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but did not change growth hormone values or oral glucose tolerance test results. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular complications was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in guanfacine-treated patients than in a matched control group. The most significant difference was the absence of fatal complications in the guanfacine-treated patients. The present results support the theory that decreased morbidity and mortality in patients treated with guanfacine may depend not only on its important antihypertensive activity, but also on its beneficial effect on known cardiovascular risk factors.
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PMID:Effects of guanfacine on growth hormone, prolactin, renin, lipoproteins and glucose in essential hypertension. 351 27

To define the role of the renal dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, urinary free dopamine excretion was examined in 23 normotensive subjects who had one or more first-degree relatives with essential hypertension, and also in 36 matched control subjects without any such family history. The group urinary dopamine excretion and urinary sodium excretion were not different. However, a significant urine dopamine-sodium relationship was apparent in the controls but not in the relatives due to relatively high dopamine output in those with lower sodium excretion. The two groups were similar as regards blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), prolactin and catecholamines. These findings demonstrate an alteration in the urine dopamine-sodium relationship in some normotensive subjects with genetic risk of hypertension.
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PMID:Urinary dopamine excretion in normotensive subjects with or without family history of hypertension. 351 46

The efficacy of bromocriptine in the treatment of hypertension was assessed in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study preceded by a dose titration phase. A diuretic and/or a beta-blocker were administered concomitantly in constant dosage to 11 of the 20 patients who received bromocriptine. A wide range of doses of bromocriptine was tolerated. Side-effects of vomiting and postural hypertension did not occur, possibly due to the gradual increase in the administered doses. Plasma prolactin was not raised in this population of hypertensives. In the dose titration phase (n = 20), a small fall in diastolic but not in systolic blood pressure occurred with bromocriptine, but only with the patient standing and after exercise. In the double-blind phase (n = 9), there was no significant difference in blood pressure between the bromocriptine and placebo treatments. It is concluded that bromocriptine was not effective in lowering blood pressure in the present patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Bromocriptine in the treatment of hypertension. 351 42

Hormonal, mean arterial blood pressure, forearm blood flow and heart rate responses to graded dopamine infusion (0.5-2.0 micrograms/kg/min) were examined in 10 men with untreated essential hypertension WHO group I (147 +/- 4/100 +/- 1 mmHg, means +/- SE), and in 10 normotensive men (129 +/- 2/85 +/- 1 mmHg), all 40 years old. Another 12 normotensive men (126 +/- 3/80 +/- 2 mmHg) were given only saline infusion. Dopamine increased heart rate significantly in the hypertensive group (8 +/- 2 beats/min, p less than 0.001), but the heart rate remained unchanged in the normotensive group (1 +/- 1 beats/min, NS). Although dopamine infusion tended to decrease mean blood pressure, the changes were not significantly different from those observed in the control group. No change in forearm blood flow was observed in either group. In the groups given dopamine, prolactin levels decreased only slightly compared to the control group given saline, the decrement tending to be more pronounced in the hypertensive group. Plasma vasopressin remained unchanged in both groups during dopamine infusion. These results indicate that hypertensive patients exhibit increased sensitivity to the cardiovascular effects of dopamine.
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PMID:Endocrine and haemodynamic responses to graded dopamine infusion in essential hypertension. 360 15

Baseline serum prolactin (PRL) was found to be similar in 35 men with untreated essential hypertension (149 +/- 2/98 +/- 1 mmHg; means +/- s.e.) and 44 healthy normotensive men (126 +/- 1/80 +/- 1 mmHg), all 40 years old. A correlation between baseline PRL and aldosterone was found in the normotensive (r = 0.534, P less than 0.001), but not in the hypertensive group (r = -0.011, NS). Ten subjects from each group received intravenous metoclopramide, a competitive dopamine antagonist, while another 12 normotensive subjects were given saline only, and the effect on PRL, vasopressin (AVP) and catecholamines was followed. An exaggerated PRL response to metoclopramide was observed in the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive (P less than 0.05), and the mean normotensive peak value never exceeded the hypertensive. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly compared with baseline (P less than 0.05) and the control group (P less than 0.001), concomitant with increased heart rate (P less than 0.05), after the administration of metoclopramide both in the hypertensive and normotensive group. After intravenous injection of metoclopramide, forearm blood flow increased significantly by 50% in the hypertensive (P less than 0.001), and 80% in the normotensive group (P less than 0.001) compared with the control group. Mean blood pressure remained unchanged as did plasma AVP, dopamine and adrenaline. The present study indicates an altered central dopaminergic activity in essential hypertension. Even at rest, endogenous dopamine exerts a modulating effect on noradrenaline release in both hypertensive and normotensive men.
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PMID:Decreased central dopaminergic activity in essential hypertension. 361 68

The relationship between water-salt balance and blood prolactin (Prl) level was examined in 22 male patients with essential hypertension, stages IB-IIA. Blood Prl and urinary potassium and sodium excretion were measured initially, using the parlodel (2.5 mg) test, and the acute and chronic furosemide test. Water-salt status was found to be different in patients with baseline hyperprolactinemia who made 2/3 of the sample. Following parlodel administration, Prl level declined in all patients, with daily electrolyte excretion also decreasing in originally-hyperprolactinemic patients. The rise in electrolyte excretion following lasix administration was accompanied with a fall in Prl in hyperprolactinemic patients. Following the chronic furosemide test, all patients showed a tendency to Prl rise, while the hyperprolactinemic patients also exhibited sodium retention. Therefore, blood Prl decrease leads to sodium retention in hyperprolactinemic hypertensive patients that may have an adverse pathogenetic significance.
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PMID:[Role of prolactin in disorders of water and salt metabolism in patients with hypertension]. 373 22

Plasma aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B), 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), corticosterone, cortisol and prolactin levels were determined during an angiotensin II infusion at increasing rates both with and without a simultaneous infusion of dopamine in seven normotensive subjects, in ten patients with essential hypertension, and in ten patients with primary aldosteronism. In a second set of experiments, maximum increases of these plasma levels were determined after metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) in all subgroups. As compared with the other groups, an exaggerated angiotensin II-induced response of plasma aldosterone and 18-OH-B levels was observed in the five patients with low-renin essential hypertension (LREH) and in five patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Dopamine reduced the maximal increase of aldosterone and of 18-OH-B after angiotensin II to 259 +/- 48 (SEM) pg/ml and 511 +/- 152 pg/ml respectively in LREH (without dopamine: 515 +/- 74 and 908 +/- 201 respectively; P less than 0.05), and to 466 +/- 197 and 741 +/- 212 in IHA (without dopamine: 766 +/- 193 and 1264 +/- 337 respectively; P less than 0.05). The maximal increases of plasma aldosterone, 18-OH-B, and prolactin after metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) were higher (P less than 0.01) in patients with LREH and in patients with primary aldosteronism. Plasma levels of 18-OH-DOC, corticosterone and cortisol were not affected by the stimuli applied. The exaggerated response to metoclopramide as well as to angiotensin II and its reversion only by pharmacological doses of dopamine are consistent with an increased but ineffective dopamine inhibition of aldosterone and 18-OH-B in LREH and IHA.
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PMID:Dopamine reduces aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone response to angiotensin II in patients with essential low-renin hypertension and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. 388 12

Plasma prolactin level and plasma renin activity were determined in normal subjects and patients with low and normal renin essential hypertension, renal hypertension, renovascular hypertension, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma and malignant hypertension. In both normal subjects and the normal renin essential hypertensives, plasma prolactin was significantly higher in females than in males. Plasma prolactin was also significantly higher in the normal renin essential hypertensives than in normal subjects of both sexes, while no significant difference was found between the low renin group and normal subjects of either sex. A significantly positive correlation was observed between plasma renin activity and the plasma prolactin level in male essential hypertensives, but not in females. Although no significant difference in plasma prolactin level could be detected between patients with secondary hypertension and normal subjects, this level was significantly higher in malignant hypertensives than in normotensives. From these results, it was shown that significant differences of plasma prolactin levels exist between normal renin essential hypertensives, and low renin essential hypertensives or normal subjects, and that these differences may partly depend on renin status which might be related to the central dopaminergic activity. In malignant hypertensives, the high level of plasma prolactin may be caused by diminished renal function, but the suppression of central dopaminergic activity cannot be excluded in the mechanism of plasma prolactin increment.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin levels in patients with essential hypertension, malignant hypertension and secondary hypertension. 388 34

Cianergoline is a new dopaminergic agonist with a predominant cardiovascular action. Its effects on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, the sympathetic nervous system and lipid metabolism were assessed in 20 patients with benign essential hypertension. Cianergoline given in increasing doses for 4 weeks (maximum daily dose 12 +/- 2 mg (SD)) and placebo both caused a slight decrease in arterial pressure, (from 159/104 to 152/98 mm Hg and from 154/104 to 149/103 mm, respectively; difference not significant). Supine and upright plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine levels, urinary catecholamine excretion rates as well as serum prolactin, low and high density cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not changed after cianergoline or placebo. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased significantly after placebo, but were unchanged after cianergoline. 3 out of 10 patients in the cianergoline group complained of nausea. The findings indicate that the new dopaminergic agonist cianergoline exerts only a mild blood pressure lowering effect in patients with essential hypertension and does not modify the release of prolactin, lipid metabolism or the basal activity or postural responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and of the sympathetic nervous system.
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PMID:Effects of the dopaminergic agonist cianergoline on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and the sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension. 405 4


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