Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Instrumental conditioning techniques were used to obtain objective evidence of differences in behavioral arousal between the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the normotensive ancestral Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain. Subjective emotionality ratings previously indicated that the genetically hypertensive rats were more active and aggressive than their normotensive cousins. In a lengthy series of operant conditioning sessions using a small number of adult female SHR and WKY rats, hyperarousal in the SHR was confirmed by their significantly higher response outputs on either response contingent or time contingent schedules of reinforcement. Conditioned emotionality tests during this series of experiments also suggested hyperarousal and aggressiveness in the SHR, since the fear-conditioned stimulus suppressed bar-pressing in the SHR much less than in the WKY. Further experiments with young prehypertensive SHR rats provided the same evidence of hyperresponsivity in the SHR compared to the WKY strain. Furthermore, these young SHR failed to develop hypertension by the end of the study (14 weeks of age), while their nonconditioned SHR cousins had become clearly hypertensive by the same age. This suggests that factors related to the conditioning methods modified the development of high blood pressure in this animal model of essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Lifelong hyperarousal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat indicated by operant behavior. 57 Oct 78

A fixed orientation principle was used for the examination of 203 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 123 patients with essential hypertension. Psychological adaptation mechanisms and variation therein were studied in relation to the form, severity, pattern and stage of the disease. The fixed orientation method is based on evoking illusory perception in a subject. Basic fixed orientation types are identified depending on the way one gets rid of the orientation. Variable-stable orientation mediating high motivation, dominance, impulsiveness and aggressiveness in prevalent in CHD irrespective of its form. In hypertensive patients, variable-labile orientation prevails that features impulsiveness, inconsistency, anxiety, psychasthesnia and depression. The occurrence of these parameters was unrelated to form, severity and stage of the disease. Premorbid nature of these features is postulated. The fixed orientation method is recommended as a highly informative way of identifying psychological adaptation mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of the mechanisms of psychological adaptation of patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. 371 39

There may be specific personality differences between some if not all biochemically defined subgroups of patients with essential hypertension. A newly standardized projective test of reactions to frustration, a questionnaire related to such characteristics as aggressiveness and dominance, and a standardized interview were applied to 16 patients with established high renin essential hypertension and 21 patients of similar age with normal renin. High renin patients are significantly less assertive, fail to externalize their aggression, perceive frustration less and try to please others more; they have a stronger need to solve problems immediately yet tend to deny social conflicts. These tendencies are likely to create internal conflict and indicate a psychosomatic component in high renin essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Personality characteristics and renin in essential hypertension. 388 86

The study was conducted to assess whether certain personality characteristics in combination with a positive family history for essential hypertension (EH) are associated with excessive cardiovascular reactivity. Subgroups who differed in the patterns of their personality characteristics were identified within normotensives with a positive family history (FH+) of EH and within normotensives with a negative family history (FH-) of EH via cluster analytic techniques. A subgroup of FH+ subjects who were characterized by denial and unwilling to admit to neurotic feelings or aggressiveness exhibited exaggerated blood pressure reactivity to two experimental tasks. Moreover, relative to their level of heightened physiologic arousal, subjects in this subgroup reported little negative affect in response to the tasks, which further suggests that they deny or suppress their feelings. The similarity of the personality pattern of these cardiovascularly reactive FH+ individuals to that sometimes found among individuals with EH is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Family history of hypertension, personality patterns, and cardiovascular reactivity to stress. 394 12