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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The coagulation and fibrinolytic systems were investigated in a group of patients with essential hypertension during pregnancy, and the findings were compared with those of normal gravid women. Patients with essential hypertension exhibited the following significant differences: shortened partial thromboplastin times, thrombocytopenia, and decreased antithrombin III levels. Euglobulin lysis times and assays for fibrin breakdown products suggest that essential hypertension is not associated with changes in the fibrinolytic mechanism. Until more sophisticated studies can be performed on such patients, it cannot be concluded that the increased coagulability observed in pregnant patients with essential hypertension represents a state of intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Coagulation and the hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. 91 Aug 18

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been established as an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein(a), together with apo B-100 the apolipoprotein of Lp(a), is homologeous to plasminogen but lacks fibrinolytic capacity and appeared to interfere with fibrinolysis in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. We determined the correlations between Lp(a) and other blood lipids (serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), coagulation parameters (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII:C fibrin monomers, thrombin-antithrombin III) and fibrinolysis parameters (tissue plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and D-dimer) in 54 patients with essential hypertension, in 65 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in 116 insulin-regulated diabetic patients. Signs of activated coagulation and increased reactive fibrinolysis were found in all three patient groups. In the hypertensive patients, Lp(a) was significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.25, P = 0.04) and triglycerides (r = -0.30, P = 0.03), while in insulin-regulated diabetics, Lp(a) was also correlated with LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.20, P = 0.03). In the hypertensive patients and both diabetic groups there was no correlation of Lp(a) with coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters. These data show that Lp(a) concentrations are not related to coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters in hypertensive or diabetic patients and confirm the presence of an activated coagulation system in these patient groups.
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PMID:Low order correlations of lipoprotein(a) with other blood lipids and with coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in hypertensive and diabetic patients. 138 33

1. None of the genes responsible for essential hypertension has been identified. Recent work in genetically hypertensive rats has shown linkage of blood pressure with alleles of the renin gene. Since the renin gene is a member of a conserved synteny group that in humans spans chromosome 1q21.3-32.3 and includes the gene for antithrombin III (AT3), we used linkage studies to examine the relationship between alleles of AT3 and hypertension in a family having 10 affected members. 2. From the lod score obtained at a recombination fraction of zero the odds for linkage of AT3 and hypertension in this family were calculated as 6:1 in favour of linkage. This result provides grounds for further examination of the possible role of the 1q23 locus in the aetiology of essential hypertension.
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PMID:A locus on the long arm of chromosome 1 as a possible cause of essential hypertension. 167 20

Essential hypertension is a highly hereditable disorder in which genetic influences predominate over environmental factors. The molecular genetic profiles which predispose to essential hypertension are not known. In rats with genetic hypertension, there is some recent evidence pointing to linkage of renin gene alleles with blood pressure. The genes for renin and antithrombin III belong to a conserved synteny group which, in humans, spans the q21.3-32.3 region of chromosome I and, in rats, is linkage group X on chromosome 13. The present study examined the association of particular human renin gene (REN) and antithrombin III gene (AT3) polymorphisms with essential hypertension by comparing the frequency of specific alleles for each of these genes in 50 hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents and 91 normotensive offspring of normotensive parents. In addition, linkage relationships were examined in hypertensive pedigrees with multiple affected individuals. Alleles of a REN HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were detected using a genomic clone, lambda HR5, to probe Southern blots of HindIII-cut leucocyte DNA, and those for an AT3 PstI RFLP were detected by phATIII 113 complementary DNA probe. The frequencies of each REN allele in the hypertensive group were 0.76 and 0.24 compared with 0.74 and 0.26 in the normotensive group. For AT3, hypertensive allele frequencies were 0.49 and 0.51 compared with normotensive values of 0.54 and 0.46. These differences were not significant by chi 2 analysis (P greater than 0.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Association and linkage analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the human renin and antithrombin III genes in essential hypertension. 168 42

Forty-five women with preeclampsia and 39 woman with chronic hypertension in pregnancy were studied by catheterization of the superior vena cava and by impedance cardiography before therapy was started. An initial hemorrheology and hemostaseologic protocol was prepared which included hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity, colloid osmotic pressure, serum osmolality, uric acid, fibronectin, antithrombin III and fibrinogen. The hematocrit and the peripheral resistance were greater in preeclampsia than in essential hypertension. Moreover, preeclamptic patients showed a significantly lower cardiac output and central venous pressure than women with chronic hypertension. On the other hand, the plasma viscosity of women with essential hypertension increased, whereas patients with preeclampsia showed a lower erythrocyte deformability and a higher concentration of leukocytes. Finally, volume expansion with Hydroxyethyl-starch appears to be of therapeutic benefit for hypertensive patients with low cardiac output.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic and hemorheologic findings in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension: comparison of pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension]. 237 51

The cardiovascular risk factors blood pressure, overweight, hyperlipidaemia and several coagulation parameters were studied in a group of 54 otherwise healthy patients with essential hypertension of moderate severity. Of the 54 hypertensive patients, 43 were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs and 11 were not. The patients included in this study who were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs were still hypertensive in spite of their treatment. Lipoprotein levels and coagulation parameters did not differ between the untreated and treated hypertensive patients. Substantial percentages of patients were found to have hypertriglyceridaemia (46%), elevated LDL-cholesterol (28%) and elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations (43%). Coagulation factors F VIIIc, fibrin monomer and factor VII in males were significantly elevated in comparison with a healthy reference group. These data are compatible with a moderate activation of the coagulation system. Correlations were established between systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol (r = 0.43, p = 0.003), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) and triglycerides (r = 0.35, p = 0.01); Quetelet-index with fibrinogen (r = 0.37, p = 0.02) and thrombin-antithrombin III (r = 0.30, p = 0.04); and triglycerides with F VIIc (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) and fibrin monomer (r = 0.29, p = 0.04) respectively. These data link hypertension and hyperlipidaemia with increased coagulation activity and may contribute to our understanding of why these two cardiovascular risk factors accelerate atherogenesis.
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PMID:Coagulation factors and lipid composition of the blood in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. 846 17

Undesirable changes of haemostasis induced by some anti-hypertensive drugs can encourage the acceleration of atherogenesis. Therefore, the changes of haemostasis parameters in 22 patients with essential hypertension under long-term celiprolol therapy (> 2 months) were of interest. In the placebo group of 15 essentially hypertensive patients there were no significant changes in platelet activity. On the other hand, the therapeutic dose of celiprolol was shown to reduce total platelet aggregation, without any harmful effects on fibrinolytic activity and coagulation inhibitors such as protein C and antithrombin III. The metabolic neutrality of celiprolol accompanied by the proven platelet-inhibitory tendency is desirable in the new approach to hypertension treatment. Potentially anti-thrombotic or at least neutral prothrombotic properties of celiprolol may be important in terms of the favourable role of anti-hypertensive drugs in cardiovascular morbidity.
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PMID:Effect of long-term celiprolol therapy on haemostasis in essential hypertension. 855 93

Endothelial damage, platelet hyperactivity and other changes of blood coagulation may play a role in the vascular complications of essential hypertension. Undesirable changes of haemostasis induced by some anti-hypertensive drugs can encourage the acceleration of atherogenesis. Therefore, the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors on haemostasis is of interest. The therapeutic dose of perindopril was previously shown to reduce platelet aggregation. In the present study, selected parameters of haemostasis were investigated in 23 patients with first and second stage of non-treated essential hypertension. The measurements were carried out before therapy, after 1 week of placebo administration, and after 1 week and after 1 month of ACE-inhibitor perindopril therapy in a once-daily dose of 4 mg. Plasma prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, plasminogen and antithrombin III activities, protein C and free protein S antigens, total fibrinolytic activity as well as fibrin monomers and D-dimers were assayed. There were no significant changes in any haemostasis variables investigated following placebo administration or perindopril therapy. On the basis of this study, no unfavourable effects on haemostasis induced by this therapy were found. The platelet-inhibitory effect of perindopril, without any harmful effects on coagulation or fibrinolytic activity and coagulation inhibitors, is desirable in the new approach to hypertension treatment. These properties of perindopril may be important in terms of the beneficial role of anti-hypertensive drugs in cardiovascular morbidity.
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PMID:Effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on haemostasis in essential hypertension. 1108 84

Elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen and activated coagulation pathways are risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the general population. In a cross-sectional study of a case series, we investigated the relationship between fibrinogen and hemostatic markers with target-organ damage (TOD) in patients with arterial hypertension. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), and antithrombin III were measured in 352 untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and 92 normotensive controls. Staging of TOD was assessed according to W.H.O. guidelines by clinical evaluation and laboratory tests including measurements of creatinine clearance, proteinuria, ophthalmoscopy, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and ultrasound examination of major arteries. F1+2 concentrations were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive controls and were positively correlated with blood pressure. Age, blood pressure levels, duration of hypertension, smoking, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and plasma fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, and F1+2 levels were significantly related to the presence and severity of TOD in univariate analysis. Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were related to organ damage independent of age, blood pressure, duration of hypertension, and smoking status. Separate analysis indicated significant association of fibrinogen and D-dimer levels with cardiac, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and renal damage. In conclusion, elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen and a prothrombotic state are associated with the presence and severity of TOD in patients with essential hypertension and may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic disease in these patients.
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PMID:Relationship of fibrinogen levels and hemostatic abnormalities with organ damage in hypertension. 1111 10

Haemostatic markers have been implicated in the development and progression of vascular disease. We investigated the associations of several haemostatic markers (fibrinogen, D-dimer, FV, FVII, FVIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and antithrombin III) with two quantitative measures of vascular disease in adults with hypertension. Participants included 1051 African Americans (65+/-9 years, 72% women) and 894 non-Hispanic whites (61+/-9 years, 55% women) belonging to hypertensive sibships. Phenotypes of vascular disease included the ankle-brachial index (ABI), a measure of peripheral arterial disease, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), a surrogate of glomerular endothelial function. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess whether plasma levels of haemostatic markers were associated with measures of arteriosclerosis, after adjustment for conventional risk factors and medication (statin, aspirin and oestrogen) use. Higher fibrinogen and D-dimer were significantly associated with lower ABI in African Americans (P<0.001 and 0.004 respectively) and in non-Hispanic whites (P<0.001 and 0.010 respectively). Higher fibrinogen (P<0.001), D-dimer (P=0.003), FVIII (P<0.001) and vWF (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher UACR in African Americans, whereas, in non-Hispanic whites, higher fibrinogen (P=0.020) and FVII (P=0.006) were significantly associated with higher UACR. Our findings indicate that in adults with essential hypertension, several markers in the haemostatic pathway are independently associated with ABI and UACR, two measures of vascular disease..
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PMID:Haemostatic markers are associated with measures of vascular disease in adults with hypertension. 1919 Jun 56


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