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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

STUDY PARTICIPANT COMPENSATION IS OF increasing concern, yet few investigations have explored it; none have examined whether published journal articles report it. Medline searches for articles in six areas-HIV, substance abuse (heroin and cocaine), depression, essential hypertension, and cardiac surgery-reveal very low mention of payment (0-32.1%). Of 207 articles, only 13.5% mentioned financial compensation in any way, and only 11.1% listed amounts. Of the 207 studies, 92 involved more than minimal risk interventions, but were not more likely to mention compensation. Studies that included substance users were significantly more likely than others to mention payment (p < .001). These overall low rates are concerning as they can hamper evaluation of ethical issues, and impact study replicability. Publication requirements should consider discussion of compensation.
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PMID:The reporting of monetary compensation in research articles. 1938 8

Hypertension is the leading cause of death worldwide. Globally and locally there has been an increase in hypertension in children, adolescents and young adults<40 years of age. In South Africa, the first decade of the millennium saw a doubling of the prevalence rate among adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years. This increase suggests that an explosion of cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease can be expected in the forthcoming decades. A large part of the increased prevalence can be attributed to lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity, which lead to overweight and obesity. The majority (>90%) of young patients will have essential or primary hypertension, while only a minority (<10%) will have secondary hypertension. We do not recommend an extensive workup for all newly diagnosed young hypertensives, as has been the practice in the past. We propose a rational approach that comprises a history to identify risk factors, an examination that establishes the presence of target-organ damage and identifies clues suggesting secondary hypertension, and a limited set of basic investigations. More specialised tests should be performed only where there is a clinical suspicion that a secondary cause for hypertension exists. There have been no randomised clinical trials on the treatment of hypertension in young patients. Expert opinion advises an initial emphasis on lifestyle modification. This can comprise a diet with reduced salt and refined carbohydrate intake, an exercise programme and management of substance abuse issues. Failure of lifestyle measures or the presence of target-organ damage should prompt the clinician to initiate pharmacotherapy. We recommend referral to a specialist practitioner in cases of resistant hypertension, where there is severe target-organ damage and when a secondary cause is suspected.
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PMID:An approach to the young hypertensive patient. 2693 8