Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydrodynamics of the eyes was investigated in 57 patients with exophthalmos, with various degree of infiltrative changes. Open angle glaucoma was not found in any case. In 12 eyes (10.5 p.c.) one observed a raised IOP (over 21 mm Hg)--checked by means, of an applanation tonometer with the patient looking straight on; in 24 eyes (18.4 p.c.) the IOP was near the upper limit of the normal pressure. Characteristic for glaucoma pathological changes of the optic disc and the visual field were absent in examined patients. All of them had the filtration angle open. The authors found a statistically significant dependency between the IOP and the degree of changes in the motor muscles, conjunctival tissue and in the lids. The authors suggest that the changes in the intraocular pressure have an external cause and stem from the disturbances of the venous circulation with exclusion of the primary hypertension.
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PMID:[Ocular hydrodynamics in patients with infiltrative-edematous exophthalmos in Graves' disease]. 209 Aug 72

Bevantolol is a novel beta 1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. The Study Group evaluated its therapeutic utility (100-300 mg bid) compared with propranolol (80-240 mg bid) in 266 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO Grades I and II, sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg). There was no difference in their antihypertensive efficacy over six months, 77% being controlled (DBP less than or equal to 90 mmHg) on bevantolol and 81% on propranolol. Hydrochlorothiazide 25-50 mg bid added later improved BP control in those incompletely controlled on bevantolol monotherapy. Both beta-adrenoceptor antagonists also reduced intraocular pressure. Bevantolol caused significantly fewer adverse effects than propranolol with many fewer withdrawals during long-term therapy. This unique clinical pharmacologic profile of bevantolol enhances its therapeutic usefulness and may relate to alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, as well as to its beta 1-selectivity.
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PMID:Bevantolol vs propranolol: a double-blind controlled trial in essential hypertension. 289 12

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which alter the intracellular calcium concentration by modifying calcium flux across cell membranes and affect various intracellular signaling processes, have been long and widely used to treat essential hypertension and certain types of cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. Among five subtypes of calcium channels, only specific agents for L-type calcium channels have been used as therapeutics. Animal experiments have indicated that topical application of CCBs, especially verapamil, caused significant intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions, while ocular hypotensive effects in humans were not substantial. Although the results obtained for nifedipine and nimodipine were not always consistent, CCBs generally dilate isolated ocular vessels and increase ocular blood flow in experimental animals, normal humans, and patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Several single-centered, hospital-based, prospective studies have suggested that nimodipine, brovincamine, and nilvadipine had beneficial effects on visual function not only in normal humans but also in patients with OAG, while the results of population-based and case-controlled studies were not always consistent with those obtained in hospital-based studies. In vitro studies showed that CCBs exerted neuroprotective effects on neurons undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. Although the neuroprotective effects of CCBs have been well documented in experimental cerebral ischemia models, no controlled studies have shown the clinical efficacy of CCBs in stroke or cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotective effects also were documented in retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors in experimental animals. Some ophthalmic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, especially betaxolol, interact with L-type calcium channels and show calcium channel-blocking activity, which may be partly responsible for the neuroprotective effects of these drugs reported in experimental animals. Based on the reported findings of CCBs and that the results of clinical studies in acute cerebral ischemia may not be directly applicable to a chronic neurodegenerative ocular disorder, such as OAG, CCBs deserve future study to investigate strategies that are additive or synergetic to ocular hypotensive therapy for OAG, especially in patients with lower IOP.
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PMID:Use of calcium channel blockers for glaucoma. 2093 4

Nowadays the regional mechanisms underlying disorders of drainage function and the increased intraocular pressure at various types of glaucoma are the subject of wide discussion in ophthalmology. In the specified aspect and to this day there are no comprehensive data concerning the roles of the broken ion exchange in hydrostatic systems of an eye, in particular, potassium-sodium pomp in mechanisms of ophtalmohypertension induction. The object of research was intraocular liquid of patients with the senile and complicated cataracts proceeding on the background of anterior open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, cataracts proceeding on the background of idiopathic hypertension, diabetes and the previous trauma. Samples of intraocular liquid were subjected to ion-selective analysis for definition of sodium, calcium and potassium ions content that was expressed in mmol/L. The analyzer Kone-microlyte (Finland) was used at definition of ionic composition. Program coefficient was defined using the refractometer of Shibuya Optical CO (Japan). The results were subjected to the statistical analysis using Student's criteria, with application of computer program SPSS version 13 ANOVA. At the cataract proceeding on the background of anterior open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in intraocular liquid relatively high indexes of the diffraction index and level of sodium and calcium ions were registered on the background of potassium ions decreased content. At the complicated cataracts: the cataract proceeding on the background of open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative cataract, in intraocular liquid the alterations in its protein and ionic composition are found to be considered as the risk factors resulting in disorders of drainage function and increase of intraocular pressures.
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PMID:[Disorders of ion balance in intraocular liquid at patients with senile and complicated cataracts]. 2378 99