Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The angiotensin-blocking agent, saralasin, was given by rapid intravenous (bolus) injection to 21 hypertensive patients. A marked depressor response (average blood-pressure decrease of 30 mm Hg systolic and 20 mm Hg diastolic at 10 minutes after injection) was noted in 13 patients, of whom 11 had renovascular hypertension and 2 had high-renin essential hypertension. No change from prebolus blood-pressure was apparent at 10 minutes in 8 control patients with essential hypertension and normal or low peripheral plasma-renin activity. In all patients, blood-pressure response to saralasin bolus (10 mg) correlated with blood-pressure response to subsequent infusion of saralasin (10 microgram/kg/min). Blood-pressure response to rapid intravenous injection of saralasin--the "saralasin bolus test"--has many characteristics of an ideal screening procedure for renin-mediated hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Saralasin bolus test. Rapid screening procedure for renin-mediated hypertension. 7 52

Changes in coagulation tests (fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, factor-VIII activity, and platelet-count) and in renal function (creatinine clearance and serum concentration, clearance, and fractional reabsorption of urate) were measured in late pregnancy. 10 patients with severe preeclampsia showed changes in both coagulation and renal function when compared with 13 normotensive controls. 18 patients with mild pre-eclampsia had changes in renal function only. Results from 5 patients with essential hypertension did not differ from those of the normotensive group. When results from the patients with severe pre-eclampsia were arranged in order of decreasing protein excretion, only renal-function tests correlated significantly with this ranking. It is suggested that, in the management of patients with established preeclampsia, assessment of renal function may be of greater practical value than measurement of the degree of coagulopathy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical relevance of coagulation and renal changes in pre-eclampsia. 7 12

In normotensive subjects an inverse correlation was observed between an index of sympathetic nervous activity (the plasma-noradrenaline concentration during physical exercise) and reactivity to exogenous noradrenaline. This relationship was invariably disturbed in age-matched patients with essential hypertension. Multiple-regression analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between the combination of both factors and the height of mean arterial blood-pressure (r=0.91). The findings suggest that sympathetic nervous activity and pressor response to noradrenaline together form an important determinant of the arterial blood-pressure level. An inverse relationship could be demonstrated between plasma-renin concentration and pressor response to angiotensin II in normotensives, and this relationship was unchanged in hypertensive patients. Therefore angiotensin II does not appear to contribute directly to high blood-pressure.
 ...
PMID:Sympathetic nervous system and blood-pressure control in essential hypertension. 8 87

The renal abnormality which causes hypertension in the Milan hypertensive strain of rats disappears as hypertension develops. Because of the many analogies between the condition in these rats and "essential" hypertension in man, the same pattern of change may occur if a renal abnormality is the cause of essential hypertension in man. This hypothesis was tested in two groups of young normotensive subjects matched for age, sex, and body-surface area; in the first group both parents were hypertensive, and in the second group both parents were normotensive. Renal plasma-flow, glomerular filtration-rate, plasma-volume, plasma-renin activity, plasma-concentrations of Na+, K+, and catecholamines, 24 h urinary excretion of Na+, K+, and aldosterone, and the cardiac index were measured so that renal function and the role of factors affecting blood-pressure regulation could be assessed. Renal plasma-flow was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the first group, whereas results of tests for all the other factors were almost the same in both groups. The hypothesis that a primary kidney abnormality causes hypertension in a proportion of patients with essential hypertension is proposed.
 ...
PMID:A renal abnormality as a possible cause of "essential" hypertension. 8 3

A new and simple laboratory test for measuring net Na+ and K+ fluxes in Na+-loaded/K+-depleted human erythrocytes was developed and applied to hypertension. Moderate essential hypertension (10 patients) was characterised by a constant increase in net K+ influx, possibly related to higher Na+, K+-pump activity. In more severe cases (8 patients) net Na+ efflux from erythrocytes dropped. The ratio of Na+/K+ net fluxes was therefore reduced in all essential hypertensive patients. Conversely, Na+ and K+ erythrocyte fluxes were normal in hypertension of renal origin (5 patients). Erythrocyte K+ influx was normal in young normotensive people born of normotensive parents (17 cases), but was increased in 5 of 8 young normotensive people born of essential hypertensive parents, in families where blood-pressure has been recorded for three generations. This result, which seems to indicate genetic transmission, suggests that measurement of Na+ and K+ erythrocyte fluxes may help to detect subjects liable to high blood-pressure.
 ...
PMID:A new test showing abnormal net Na+ and K+ fluxes in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive patients. 8 3

Sixteen patients with moderate essential hypertension completed a double-blind crossover trial with four treatment periods each of 6 weeks. They received in random order: placebo; tienilic acid 250 mg/day; propranolol 80 mg twice daily; and tienilic acid 250 mg/day combined with propranolol 80 mg twice daily. Average blood-pressure in the lying position was 22.6/13.1 kPa (169/98 mm Hg) on placebo; 21.0/12.5 (157/94) on tienilic aicd; 21.2/12.0 (159/90) on propranolol, and 18.9/11.5 (142/86) on tienilic acid combined with propranolol. The effects of tienilic acid and propranolol on blood-pressure were additive and there were no statistically significant interactions. Tienilic acid significantly reduced serum-urate from 0.33 to 0.18 mmol/l and induced hypokalaemia which was corrected by propranolol. Basophil count and haemoglobin were lower after tienilic acid treatment than they had been at the start of the study.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical and haematological changes induced by tienilic acid combined with propranolol in essential hypertension. 8 37

In order to examine the widely held belief that the aim of antihypertensive therapy should be to restore "normality," the relative risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death was related to the extent of pressure reduction in a survey of 169 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension followed-up under treatment over a mean period of 6.25 years. Apart from the effects of the hypotensive agents, there were no statistically significant differences in coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) risk factors between the patients who had and those who did not have an infarction. Overall average values for final diastolic pressure (F.D.P.), as last recorded before the end of the study, were almost the same in the two groups. But the relative risk of myocardial infarction in the patients with F.D.P. reduced to less than 90 mm Hg was more than five times that in the patients with F.D.P. 100--109 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), while in those who had developed infarcts with F.D.P.S of less then or equal to 90 mmHg the pressure falls were all markedly greater than in unaffected controls matched for C.H.D. risk factors that included form of treatment, age, sex, and established pre-treatment diastolic pressure (E.D.P.). Thus it would seem that, in severe middle-aged hypertensives, attempts at "normalisation" of high blood-pressure may precipitate as many infarctions as it prevents. Other cardiovascular complications did not exceed the incidence expected during treatment. The findings suggest that the blood-pressure in such patients should seldom be reduced by more than 22% or to diastolic levels less than 104--110 mm Hg.
 ...
PMID:Relation of reduction in pressure to first myocardial infarction in patients receiving treatment for severe hypertension. 8 3

24 h urinary sodium excretion was used to monitor salt intake in 36 patients with essential hypertension to determine whether limitation of the antihypertensive action of thiazide diuretics could be explained by increased salt appetitie stimulated by salt depletion. Sodium excretion in these patients was similar before treatment to that observed in normotensive controls, and no change was observed during 2 years' treatment with bendrofluazide. However, plasma-renin rose progressively over the 2 years even in 5 of 8 patients whose renin was not stimulated initially by diuretics. Thus, there is no evidence that a voluntary increase in salt intake limits the efficacy of diuretic treatment; on the other hand, progressive stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system may be an important limiting factor to the antihypertensive action of diuretics. If so, the antihypertensive effect of dietary salt restriction may be similarly limited.
 ...
PMID:Salt intake and diuretic treatment of hypertension. 8 56

Captopril, an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was effective in the long-term reduction of blood-pressure in 17 patients with essential hypertension. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide produced a further hypotensive effect, and the combined treatment produced satisfactory control of the blood-pressure for eight months. Captopril prevented and reversed the secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalaemia induced by simultaneous diuretic administration, thus eliminating the need for potassium supplements. The fall in plasma-angiotensin-II and urinary aldosterone and rise in angiotensin I and plasma-renin provide biochemical evidence that captopril inhibits ACE in vivo. No change in circulating venous bradykinin levels could be detected. The hypotensive action of captopril is not mediated by changes in blood-bradykinin but may involve inhibition of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems locally within the kidneys or blood vessels.
 ...
PMID:Long-term effects of captopril (SQ14 225) on blood-pressure and hormone levels in essential hypertension. 9 Feb 16

Eight attacks of transient global amnesia were observed in a female patient who suffered from livedo reticularis and a series of other neurological symptoms, which were transient in most stances. The neurological deficits include focal epileptic attacks, unilateral loss of vision, paresis of left arm and/or leg and dysarthria. The first amnestic attack was seen at the age of 19. The episodes lasted from a few to 3 days. The intervals between the amnestic episodes varied between a few days and 11 years. The livedo reticularis became more obvious during each neurological episode and was less pronounced during the time of remission. A benign type of essential hypertension and parproteinemia (gamma-M) was found. The investigations failed to show any evidence of essential thrombocythemia, polyarteriitis nodosa, lupus erythematodes and other immune complex diseases. The underlaying disease remained unclear.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent transient global amnesia in a case with cerebrovascular lesions and livedo reticularis (Sneddon Syndrome). 9 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10