Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe diastolic properties of the myocardium in terms of stress-strain relations. In a mathematical analysis, the equation sigma = alpha(e beta.epsilon-1) of the stress-strain curve can be changed by an increase in the exponent beta or the multiplicative constant alpha. It can be experimentally shown that in hypertrophied myocardium of rats with essential hypertension and renal hypertension (SHR and Goldblatt rats, respectively), the steepening of the stress-strain curve is associated with an increase in the exponent beta (stiffness constant) and an enhancement of collagen content. On the other hand, in acute hypoxic myocardium, the slope of the stress-strain curve is increased without a significant change of the exponent beta. Our results from heat measurements and quick-release experiments indicate that the hypoxic contracture (H) and the oxygen and glucose deficiency contracture (HG) are in contrast to the results of depolarization contracture (KCl) and experimental tetanus (T). In H and HG, the cross-bridge cycling rate was found to be slowed by a factor of 2,000 compared to KCl and T. This means that ATP demand for force development and maintenance is 2,000 times less in H and HG than in KCl and T. We will further discuss the meaning and implications of these experimental findings.
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PMID:Changes in myocardial distensibility in rat papillary muscle: fibrosis, KCl contracture, hypoxic contracture, oxygen and glucose deficiency contracture, and experimental tetanus. 295 60

A defect in the immune response of patients with chronic renal failure leads to low response rates and insufficient antibody concentrations following a number of highly recommended vaccinations. This has been shown before for immunization against hepatitis B and influenza. Few data are available concerning the efficacy of vaccination with tetanus toxoid in these patients. In a prospective, controlled study we vaccinated seronegative patients with chronic renal failure not on dialysis, patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis, and patients after kidney transplantation with tetanus toxoid. The results were compared with those of a control group consisting of 13 age-matched patients with mild essential hypertension and normal kidney function. Only 11 of 20 (55%) patients in the chronic renal failure group and 16 of 23 (69%) in the dialysis group had a protective antibody response after triple vaccination. In contrast, all the patients in the control group and six of seven transplant patients seroconverted. The response to tetanus toxoid was highly associated with the response to a previously administered vaccination against hepatitis B. Responders to this vaccination also had a better response rate to tetanus toxoid. The antibody concentrations after vaccination were lower in all patient groups compared with the controls; the lowest titers were found in the transplant patients. Therefore, renal patients will need revaccination much earlier, and tetanus toxoid antibody levels should be checked if a patient is injured and potentially requires vaccination.
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PMID:Tetanus immunization and its association to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure. 764 53

Hypertension produces pathophysiological changes that are often responsible for the mortality associated with the disease. It is evident that overactive renin-angiotensin systems play a central role in the development of hypertension and target organ damage associated with hypertension. We have previously found that a novel angiotensin II receptor (AT1) vaccine-ATR12181 attenuated the development of high blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of human essential hypertension. Our objective was to determine whether this attenuation of high BP is associated with prevention of target organ damage induced by hypertensive state. SHRs were immunized against a peptide (coded ATR12181) from the extracelluar portion of the AT1A receptor by repeated subcutaneous injections of peptide-tetanus-toxoid complex in combination with Freund's adjuvant. A 64 weeks long-term observation was performed. Repeated vaccinations resulted in the induction of anti-ATR12181 antibodies. At the end of observation, vaccinated SHRs manifested lower BP, decreased cardiac hypertrophy and attenuation of kidney injuries. mRNA levels of c-fos and c-jun in heart and kidneys were decreased in vaccinated SHRs. Since a self antigen was used, safety of vaccine was concerned. However, the signs of autoimmune diseases were not observed in the sections of heart and kidney. These data demonstrated that repeated immunization against a domain of the extracellular portion of the AT1 receptor was able to cause a target organ protection against hypertension. Active immunization against the AT1 receptor may be considered as a promising new strategy in the treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:Target organ protection from a novel angiotensin II receptor (AT1) vaccine ATR12181 in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1669 97