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Query: UMLS:C0085580 (essential hypertension)
 14,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arterial pressure, fear and anxiety affects, urinary excretion of catecholamines and plasma renin activity, central hemodynamics were studied in 134 subjects with alcoholic abstinence syndrome and delirium. The above syndrome and delirium were associated with arterial hypertension termed "reactive". Reactive hypertension declined 1-2 days after the patients' getting out of the acute stage of the affects. It can be considered as a manifestation of stress-response in pathogenesis of which an essential role may be played by plasma catecholamines and renin elevation. Hemodynamically, such hypertension is hyperkinetic with a tendency to high total peripheral resistance. Correlations were not found between the degree of the reactive hypertension and severity of the fear and anxiety affects. There was a weak correlation between the affects and heart beat. Apart from reactive hypertension, alcoholism is a promotor of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension in patients with alcoholic abstinence syndrome and delirium]. 814 5

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) are the best model for essential hypertension and stroke. In this study, one investigated whether SHRSP might be a useful animal model for vascular dementia. An impairment of learning-memory function was found in SHRSP. A disturbance in circadian rhythm after stroke in SHRSP was clarified. Desynchronization of light and dark alternation cycles and abnormal rhythm were also demonstrated. These observations point to the possibility that the decreased passive avoidance response observed in SHRSP might be similar to the phenomenon of memory impairment in patients with vascular dementia. The behavioral changes in ambulation in SHRSP, including the desynchronization between light and dark alternation cycles and the abnormal rhythm before death, might correspond to the behavioral changes associated with the delirium-state observed in patients with dementia. Cerebral cortex levels of acetylcholine and choline in SHRSP decreased significantly as compared with the Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) control group. Hippocampal levels of acetylcholine and choline in SHRSP decreased significantly as compared with those in WKY. Moreover, a correlation between passive avoidance response latency and hippocampal acetylcholine levels was observed. These findings suggest that decreased acetylcholine levels in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus may be related to the impairment of learning-memory function and abnormal behavior. In SHRSP, increases in blood viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen might produce the formation of thrombus and induce cerebral infarction. Some histopathological findings caused by cerebrovascular disorder in human brain very similar to those observed in the SHRSP brain. On the other hand, so called 'senile changes' were detected only in the human case, and not observed in the SHRSP.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1109 Sep 55

The varied clinical manifestations and management of 14 male patients with delirium tremens (DT) have been studied. Eight patients were initially hospitalised for diseases unrelated to ethanol abuse i.e. 2 each for gun shot wound, myocardial infarction and stroke, and one each for pneumonia and gastroenteritis. One patient was going through withdrawal because of prodrome of viral hepatitis before he was hospitalised for uncontrolled agitation and delirium. Two known cases of mild essential hypertension on dietary therapy reported for agitation, abnormal behaviour, a single episode of tonic clonic seizure and hypertensive encephalopathy as they could not/did not get alcohol for 3 days. Three patients presented denovo with DT without concomitant illness. The other features besides delirium and hallucinations were tremulousness in 10, tachycardia in 12, fever in 3, diaphoresis in 2 and tonic clonic seizures in 4 patients. The symptoms fluctuated markedly at short intervals and 2 patients did not have any features of sympathetic overactivity. Altered hepatic biochemical parameters and ketonuria with normal blood sugar were noted in 4 and one patients respectively. Other biochemical parameters including serum electrolytes were normal. CT scan brain done for 5 patients revealed subdural haematoma in one. Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) and EEG findings were noncontributory. All made good recovery with heavy doses of intravenous vitamin B complex, glucose and oral benzodiazepine. Short course of haloperidol was used in 2 patients. Two patients developed pancreatitis during follow up. All patients made complete recovery, and 8 patients have been followed for 8 to 12 months without relapse. The reason for hospitalisation in such cases is often unrelated to alcohol abuse; hence a detailed history of alcoholism is mandatory to identify those at risk as well as for prompt treatment and decreasing the mortality.
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PMID:Delirium Tremens. 2740 72