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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogenic organism of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia as well as otitis media and bacterial meningitis. Recently penicillin- or multiply resistant pneumococci have been isolated worldwide. In this study we examined the susceptibility tests of 11 antibiotics with the total of 63 clinically isolated pneumococci, using a broth microdilution method. Most of pneumococci were isolated from respiratory specimens. According to NCCLS standard, all these pneumococci were classified as follows: PCG-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP, MIC < or = 0.06 micrograms/ml), PCG-intermediately resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP, 0.12 < or = MIC < or = 1.0 micrograms/ml), and PCG-highly resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP, MIC > or = 2.0 micrograms/ml) were 45 (71.4%), 14 (22.2%) and 4 isolates (6.4%), respectively. Forty-four percent of isolates from children under 10 years and 29% from outpatients were PISP or PRSP. Resistance to erythromycin (EM) clindamycin (CLDM) or minocycline (MINO) was significantly recognized, but not correlated with that to PCG. On the other hand, the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics were correlated with that to PCG. Seventeen isolates (27%) were resistant to two or more antibiotics among PCG, EM, MINO, ofloxacin (OFLX), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST). In pneumococcal infection, we always have to pay a careful attention to susceptibility test before we choose antibiotics.
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PMID:[Antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates Streptococcus pneumoniae]. 867 67

The features and limitations of microbiology processes for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis were summarized. Requests for physicians were also emphasized. The microbiology laboratory should be responsible for providing highly reliable and concordant data with a variety of clinical settings. Technologists in a microbiology laboratory should perform following subjects: i) Direct smear examination: Presumptive identification by the observers with abundant experience and sufficient training. ii) Rapid bacterial antigen detection tests: Active utilize alone in combination with the direct microscopy. iii) Culture: Cost effective utilize for appropriate media and culture condition based on the bacteriological statistics. Report with bacteriological interpretations and with additional proper comments, if necessary. iv) Antimicrobial susceptibility tests: Determination of penicillin resistance among the strains of penicillin-resistant or-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae (PI or PRSP) should be confirmed by MIC procedures; Detection of beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae (BLP) could detect by beta-lactamase tests, but not clearly identify for beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates (BLNAR). In addition, a laboratory should provide appropriate information by using the accumulated routine clinical microbiology data, which may help to physicians in selecting an empiric therapy and to the microbiology technologists in processing the routine microbiology. In recent status, the most common organisms isolated from patients with bacterial meningitis continue to be S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Among S. pneumoniae strains, penicillin-intermediate(PISP) and--resistant(PRSP) strains had exceeded 50%, and the strains of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae (BLP) had decreased with less than 10% and beta-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant strains (BLNAR) have increasing. To providing rapid and accurate results, a laboratory should require the clinical information, including patient's age, major presenting symptoms, and receive antimicrobials prior to specimen collection.
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PMID:[Medical supports for the diagnosis of infectious diseases; the role and responsibilities of clinical pathologist and microbiology technologist. Acute purulent meningitis; the position of the technologists in microbiology laboratory]. 1218 2

A 42-year-old man was admitted due to recurrent bacterial meningitis, as he had been treated here for bacterial meningitis three years prior to the current event. He had a remote history of head injury that he had almost forgotten, and his laboratory data showed no immunodeficiency state. 111In-DTPA cisternography showed an abnormal radioactive accumulation in the frontal lobe adjacent to the left frontal sinus at 23 hours after intrathecal injection, and MPR CT images revealed the left frontal sinus bone fracture. These findings indicated that he had a head injury by which a delayed CSF fistula has been formed. He was surgically treated for a CSF leakage. Although a combination therapy of ABPC and CTRX was efficacious for this patient, this regimen may not be ideal, as meningitis by PRSP has been increasing in incidence. Pneumococcal meningitis, once not a difficult infection to treat, could be a difficult one, as resistant strains to ABPC and CTRX have been more common.
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PMID:[A case of recurrent bacterial meningitis by delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage due to a head trauma]. 1242 68

We surveyed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics between July 2000 and December 2002 in Japan and obtained the following results.: The number of cases of bacterial meningitis was 316 (182 boys and 134 girls), which was equivalent to 1.1-1.7 children out of 1,000 hospitalized those in pediatrics per year. The age-distribution for the infections was the highest under 1 year of age and it decreased as the age increased. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common pathogen causing the infections, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. Relationship between causing pathogens and age-distribution was as follows: group B streptococcus and E. coli were major pathogens under 4 months of age and H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were major pathogens over 4 months of age. Susceptibility tests performed at each facility demonstrated that 53.7% of H. influenzae isolates and 67.7% of S. pneumoniae isolates in 2003 were drug-resistant. As ampicillin and cephem antibiotics are effective against GBS, E. coli and Listeria at present, then the combination of ampicillin and cephem antibiotics was used as first line antibiotics in many facilities under 4 month of age and a combination of carbapenem which showed effective against PRSP and cephem which showed effective against H. influenzae is first choice against childhood bacterial meningitis over 4 month of age.
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PMID:[The trend of childhood bacterial meningitis in Japan (2000-2002)]. 1556 Mar 78

We surveyed the epidemiology of pediatric bacterial meningitis between January 2003 and December 2004 in Japan, with the following results: Bacterial meningitis cases numbered 233 (132 boys, 98 girls, and 3 unidentified), equivalent to 1.13-1.6 children of 1000 hospitalized in pediatrics per year. The age distribution for the infections was the highest under 1 year of age, decreasing with increasing age. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common pathogen, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. The relationship between causactive pathogens and age distribution was as follows: group B. streptococcus and E. coli were major pathogens below 4 months of age and H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were major pathogens above 4 months of age. Susceptibility tests at each facility demonstrated that 65.0% of H. influenzae isolates and 83.0% of S. pneumoniae isolates in 2004 were drug-resistant. Ampicillin and cephem antibiotics are currently effective against GBS, E. coli and Listeria so a combination of ampicillin and cephem antibiotics is used first line at many facilities for patients below 4 months of age. A combination of carbapenem which showed effective against PRSP and cephem which showed effective against H. influenzae is the first choice in childhood bacterial meningitis for patients above 4 months of age.
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PMID:[Trends in pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan (2003-2004)]. 1651 22

We surveyed pediatric bacterial meningitis epidemiology from January 2005 to December 2006 in Japan, with the following results. Bacterial meningitis cases numbered 246 -138 boys and 108 girls-, equivalent to 1.7-1.72 children of 1,000 hospitalized in pediatrics per year. The age distribution for infection was highest in those under 1 year of age and decreased with increasing age, Haemophilus influenzae was the most common infection causing the pathogen, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. The relationship between causative pathogens and age distribution was as follows: group B streptococcus and E. coli were major pathogens in patients under 4 months old and H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in those over 4 months old. Susceptibility tests at individual facilities showed 59.3% of H. influen- zae isolates and 69.3% of S. pneumoniae isolates in 2004 to be drug-resistant. Ampicillin and cephem antibiotics are effective against GBS, E. coli, and Listeria, so combined of ampicillin and cephem antibiotics are used as first-line antibiotics in many facilities in patients under 4 month old and combined of carbapenem antibiotics effective against PRSP and cephem effective against H. influenzae were the first choice against childhood bacterial meningitis in patients over 4 month old.
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PMID:[Childhood bacterial meningitis trends in Japan from 2005 to 2006]. 1854 48

We surveyed pediatrics bacterial meningitis epidemiology from January 2007 to December 2008 in Japan, with the following results: Cases numbered 287-160 male and 127 female-equivalent to 1.54-1.62 of 1,000 pediatric hospitalization per year. Children under 1-year-old accounted for the highest number of cases, which decreased with increasing age. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common cause of infection, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococcus (GBS), and Escherichia coli. GBS and E. coli were major pathogens in children under 4 months of age, while H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae mainly accounted for those over 4 months of age. Susceptibility tests showed that 51% of H. influenzae isolates and 56.5% of S. pneumoniae isolates in 2008 were drug-resistant. Ampicillin combined with cephem antibiotics effective against GBS, E. coli, and Listeria, were mainly used to initially treat those under 4 months of age. In those over 4 months of age, carbapenem antibiotics are effective against PRSP and cephem antibiotics against H. influenza.
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PMID:[Childhood bacterial meningitis trends in Japan from 2007 to 2008]. 2017 12