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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present the study of four children with arteritis as vascular complication of acute bacterial meningitis. They report pathophysiological mechanisms involved in vascular lesions, and progress in the understanding of these complications.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993 Dec
PMID:[Acute bacterial meningitis: vascular complications]. 814 53

This study reports the notification rates over ten years (1980-1989) for 232 children with documented bacterial meningitis in Nottingham District Health Authority. The average notification rate was approximately 50 per cent of known cases. It was higher for meningococcal infections (57/84, 68 per cent) than for any other type (45/148, 30 per cent), and lower in neonates (1/29, 3 per cent) than in any other age group (101/203, 50 per cent). The results show that the notification rates required to be adjusted during the decade of the study (1980-1989). The achievement of better notification rates may now be more feasible since implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Inquiry into the Future Development of the Public Health Function for the control of communicable diseases. This paper provides a baseline upon which to measure the impact of such changes.
J Public Health Med 1993 Dec
PMID:Reliability of notification data for childhood bacterial meningitis. 786 97

The Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children below the age of 2. Virtually all infants between 3 and 18 month of age lack anticapsular antibodies. This is typical for the response to a T-cell-independent antigen. 3-5% of this group harbour Hib in the nasopharynx, but the incidence of disease is 1000-fold less. This implicates other factors in host susceptibility in addition to the absence of such antibodies. Under physiological conditions the purified complement subcomponent C1q interacts with polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP), the capsular polysaccharide of Hib. The complex formation of C1q, the most basic serum protein, with this polyanion was demonstrated by several methods: agarose gel electrophoresis followed by immunoprecipitation in the gel and Coomassie staining; western blot analysis of C1q-PRP complexes; complex formation in electrophoretic separation of PRP; retardation of electrophoretic mobility of PRP was checked by blotting of this polysaccharide. These results were confirmed by time- and dose-dependent alteration of antigenetic properties detected by C1q-Sandwich-ELISA after coincubation with PRP. Preincubation of serum treated Hib with C1q significantly enhanced the O2-metabolism of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in chemiluminescence assay. Infants of the susceptible age group develop antibodies to several Hib outer membrane proteins (OMP) and lipooligosaccharides (LOS) in response to infection. The complement activation by immune complexes might be inhibited by the formation of C1q-PRP complexes. Our results do not support the thesis that C1q can be activated by the interaction with PRP as shown before for other polyanions. Differing C1q to PRP ratios could be a possible explanation for different host susceptibilities.
Behring Inst Mitt 1993 Dec
PMID:Interaction of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type B with C1q. 817 62

Two children developed bacterial meningitis within five days of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunisation. Diagnosis was delayed because symptoms were attributed to the vaccine, although both had a raised C-reactive protein. Fever or rash within five days of MMR vaccination are unlikely to be due to the vaccine and a raised C-reactive protein suggests bacterial infection.
Postgrad Med J 1995 Dec
PMID:Bacterial meningitis after MMR immunisation. 855 41

We investigated whether monoclonal antibodies directed against intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1 mAb) inhibit brain edema, increase of intracranial pressure (ICP), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and recruitment of white blood cells (WBC) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the rat model of the early phase of bacterial meningitis. Brain edema was assessed by brain water content determinations. rCBF measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and ICP were recorded continuously for 6 h after intracisternal challenge. Meningitis was induced with pneumococcal cell walls (PCW). Increase of ICP and brain water content were significantly inhibited (P <0.05) by intravenous treatment with ICAM-1 mAb (TM-8, 1 mg/kg). Furthermore, ICAM-1 mAb treatment profoundly attenuated (P <0.05) rCBF increase and WBC invasion into the CSF. These results suggest that the ICAM-1 pathway is critically involved in the early phase of bacterial meningitis.
J Neuroimmunol 1995 Dec
PMID:Anti ICAM-1 (CD 54) monoclonal antibody reduces inflammatory changes in experimental bacterial meningitis. 855 26

In vivo microdialysis was used to estimate the extracellular concentrations of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone, two expanded-spectrum cephalosporins commonly used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, in two brain regions (the right corpus striatum and the left lateral ventricle_ of awake, freely moving rats. Antibiotics were administered by constant intravenous infusion at 18 mg/h until steady-state levels were reached. Ceftriaxone levels measured at the steady state in the extracellular space of the corpus striatum (0.80 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml) were statistically equivalent to those obtained in the cerebrospinal fluid of the lateral ventricle (0.71 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml). The ratios of these levels in the brain to the steady-state levels in plasma were 0.5 +/- 0.1% for both regions. The postinfusion concentrations of ceftriaxone in the brain declined monoexponentially, with an elimination half-life similar to that obtained in plasma. However, the mean antibiotic concentration of ceftazidime in the striatum (2.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml) was lower (P < 0.001) than that in the lateral ventricle (3.8 +/- 0.5% and 4.0 +/- 1.8%, respectively) were higher than those obtained with ceftriaxone. Moreover, the half-life of ceftazidime elimination from plasma was lower than that obtained in the two brain regions. It was concluded that the in vivo microdialysis technique yields useful data on antibiotic distribution in the extracellular space of the brain, that the distribution may not be homogeneous, and that the decay of postinfusion concentrations in the brain may be different from the decay of postinfusion concentrations in plasma.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 Dec
PMID:Analysis of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime distribution in cerebrospinal fluid of and cerebral extracellular space in awake rats by in vivo microdialysis. 859 9

A combination of universal and species-specific primers was used to detect and differentiate by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the four species most commonly causing bacterial meningitis. Primers recognising conserved sequences in the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA genes were employed to amplify the 16S-23S spacer region from Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae (type b), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus). The sequence of the most abundant spacer product was determined in each case and used to deduce species-specific primers. A nested PCR using universal primers in the first round and a species-specific primer in the second were able to detect and distinguish between the four common pathogens, in the presence of human DNA. Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of a meningitis patient with negative culture and Gram-stain results.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995 Dec
PMID:An approach to the identification of the pathogens of bacterial meningitis by the polymerase chain reaction. 868 87

A recently introduced ELISA test (EIA-Test) was used for the detection of the common organisms that cause acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). The test--which detects antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis (serogroups A, B, C) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (25 selected types)--is performed in less than 1 hour and read by the naked eye. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of 125 Sudanese children (1 month-14 years) admitted with a provisional diagnosis of meningitis/meningoencephalitis were prospectively examined with the EIA-Test, direct microscopy (DM) using Gram stain and culture. Of the 56 positive CSF specimens, the EIA-Test had the highest yield (100%), followed by culture (33.9%) and DM (30.4%). Nineteen (33.9%) of the positive samples came from children who had been treated with antibiotics prior to admission, and all were positive in the EIA-Test. EIA-Test was also the only positive test in 31 (55.4%) cases. From the present study, and similar to previous observations, the EIA-Test seems to have valuable potential for the rapid diagnosis of ABM and is of particular help in patients who have been pre-treated with antibiotics.
Ann Trop Paediatr 1995 Dec
PMID:An ELISA assay for the rapid diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. 868 1

During the 5-year period from 1990 through 1994, we investigated the incidence of childhood bacterial meningitis (beyond the neonatal period) in southwestern Greece. Thirty-seven cases of bacterial meningitis were identified. Fifty-one percent of the cases were caused by Neisseria meningitidis, 41% by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and 8% by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fifty-eight percent and 73% of cases of meningococcal and Hib meningitis, respectively, involved children younger than 2 years of age. The average yearly incidences of meningococcal and Hib meningitis were 9.7 and 8 cases, respectively, per 100,000 children < 5 years of age. The main difference between findings in this study and those in other studies in Western European countries is the lower incidence of Hib meningitis observed in our area. This low incidence of Hib meningitis cannot be attributed to the use of vaccine because the Hib vaccine was first introduced in May 1994 and used infrequently through December 1994.
Clin Infect Dis 1995 Dec
PMID:Childhood bacterial meningitis in Southwestern Greece: a population-based study. 874 36

We describe three adults who had hemorrhagic strokes during the acute phase of bacterial meningitis (BM). We also report the results of a literature review and a review of the charts of 296 adults treated at our hospital for acute BM. The diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke was made based on the results of cerebral computed tomography (CT) for two of 92 patients with BM who had CT performed and by means of lumbar puncture and a postmortem study in one other case. Two patients died of cerebral bleeding. Although the frequency of hemorrhagic stroke was only 2.1% among adults with acute BM, it is a major determinant of prognosis for such patients.
Clin Infect Dis 1995 Dec
PMID:Hemorrhagic stroke as a complication of bacterial meningitis in adults: report of three cases and review. 874 41


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