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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam was simultaneously investigated in three patients with presumed bacterial meningitis. When ratios of simultaneously drawn ventriculostomy to serum moxalactam levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 h were examined, the penetration ratios were 7.8 +/- 2.4, 11.2 +/- 1.3, 14.2 +/- 2.5, and 15.0 +/- 4.9%, respectively. These ratios were not statistically different from the penetration of moxalactam calculated by the area under the concentration-time curve technique (8.97 +/- 1.89%).
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985 Dec
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam in ventriculostomy patients. 408 67

In a three years retrospective evaluation, the authors point out an important increase of hemophilus influenzae meningitis. This germ, who seem to be actually the first cause in infants bacterial meningitis, set the problem of his Ampicillin resistance (10-15% of cases). It is therefore necessary to change first treatment of these meningitis. Cefotaxime which has been prescribed to 50% of cases gives satisfactory results.
Pediatrie 1984 Dec
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in infants. Apropos of 22 recent cases]. 610 Feb 6

Three cases of meningitis with E. coli and H. influenzae are reported. They illustrate the recrudescence and relapse in bacterial meningitis. After the failure of initial antibiotic therapy, the treatment by Cefotaxime allowed a good outcome in all the cases. On account of the bacteriological, pharmacological and clinical data the authors advise using Cefotaxime in first purpose in meningitis with common gram negative bacilli.
Pediatrie 1984 Dec
PMID:[Value of cefotaxime in gram-negative bacterial meningitis. Apropos of 3 developmental forms in neonates and infants]. 610 Feb 7

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of fosfomycin were measured in 10 patients with bacterial meningitis. Fosfomycin 200 mg/kg/day was administered in three 4-hour intravenous infusions. The antibiotic was associated with amoxicillin in 9 patients and with cefotaxime in one. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained on the 2nd and 5th days of treatment, 2 hours after the end of the infusion. The mean CSF fosfomycin levels were 31 mg/l on the 2nd day and 37.2 mg/l on the 5th day. These levels were higher than the MIC 90 for most bacteria encountered in meningitis. Fosfomycin could be used to treat some cases of bacterial meningitis, but always in association with another antibiotic.
Presse Med 1984 Dec 08
PMID:[Diffusion of fosfomycin into the cerebrospinal fluid in purulent meningitis]. 624 34

Retrospective study of 14 cases of Staphylococcus aureus meningitis and of data from the literature shows that this as yet infrequent disease which carries a high mortality rate (40%) is always related to neurosurgery, primary or iatrogenic septicemia, or local infection, usually in the lumbar area (spinal, abscess, spondylitis). The major clinical problem is the search for the meningeal lead point of Staphylococcus aureus penetration, whose eradication is more essential than in usual bacterial meningitis. Prognosis is mainly dependent upon the eventual existence of associated severe septicemia. Antibiotics active on Peni-M resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meningeal infection are reviewed.
Sem Hop 1983 Dec 22
PMID:[Purulent Staphylococcus aureus meningitis]. 631 57

Animal models of bacterial meningitis have been developed to study antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and efficacy for eliminating bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to study pathophysiology. The correlation between observations in the rabbit model and in paediatric patients with meningitis was evaluated. When dosages of the beta-lactam or aminoglycosidic antibiotics which will produce serum concentrations approximating those in the human were given to rabbits, the degree of penetration of antibiotics into CSF and the bactericidal activity in CSF were comparable in rabbits and humans. Differing rates of elimination of Gram-negative enteric bacteria from rabbit CSF correlated directly with the bactericidal titres. However, in children with meningitis, this correlation was not found. Instead, it appeared that there was a critical level of bactericidal activity of 1:8 at which optimal killing of bacteria occurred. Increasing the bactericidal activity beyond that point did not accelerate elimination of bacteria from CSF. It is concluded that the rabbit model of bacterial meningitis is useful for predicting pharmacokinetics and activity of new antibiotics in CSF, but not for predicting differing degrees of effectiveness among antibiotics.
J Antimicrob Chemother 1983 Dec
PMID:Pharmacokinetic and bacteriological correlations between antimicrobial therapy of experimental meningitis in rabbits and meningitis in humans: a review. 636 74

Bacteriological and clinical data on 132 children with neonatal meningitis caused by Escherichia coli were analyzed as a part of a larger study of bacterial meningitis undertaken between 1976 and 1982 in The Netherlands. Eighty-eight percent of the E. coli strains that were isolated carried the K1 capsular antigen. Most (80%) of these E. coli K1 strains were serotyped as O7, O18, O83, or were autoagglutinable. The male/female ratio of the infants was 1.64. In the majority of cases the onset of meningitis was at the end of the first week of life. The birth weight of 42% of the infants was less than or equal to 2,500 g, and congenital defects were present in 11% of the infants. Thirty-seven percent of the neonates had no recognized risk factors. The case fatality rate was 26%. Meningitis recurred in 8% of the survivors.
J Infect Dis 1984 Dec
PMID:Neonatal meningitis caused by Escherichia coli in The Netherlands. 638 21

One Salmonella and four Escherichia coli isolates from patients with bacterial meningitis who had responded slowly, relapsed, or failed to respond to monotherapy with moxalactam were examined. For purposes of comparison, an E. coli isolate from one patient who had responded promptly to therapy was also studied. On testing, moxalactam had higher MICs and MBCs (two to four times) than cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for all isolates; the rates of killing of the isolates were dependent on the antibiotic concentrations used. At comparable multiples of the MIC, these isolates were generally killed more slowly by moxalactam than by cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. In addition, a reduction of 3 in the logarithm of the number of CFU per milliliter could be attained at far lower concentrations with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone than with moxalactam. The degree of concentration-related killing of bacteria produced by the beta-lactams appeared to correlate with the clinical responses of the patients. Furthermore, real differences appeared to exist among the third-generation cephalosporins, which were not evident by the MIC and MBC points alone but were evident in the concentration-related killing curves: Determination of a reduction of 3 in the logarithm of the number of CFU per milliliter after a 6-h incubation is suggested as the criterion for the screening of antibiotics for the therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984 Dec
PMID:Examination of gram-negative bacilli from meningitis patients who failed or relapsed on moxalactam therapy. 639 99

This review considers the five major principles governing optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis: off the entry of passage of antibiotics into CSF, (2) the antimicrobial activity of beta-lactams within the purulent CSF in vivo, (3) the bactericidal activity within the CSF, (4) the route and mode of drug administration together with the postantibiotic effect, and (5) the duration of therapy. Special attention is paid to the third principle, bactericidal activity within the CSF, employing the model of the newer, third-generation cephalosporins used in the treatment of meningitis caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli.
Eur J Clin Microbiol 1984 Dec
PMID:Rationale for optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis. 639 94

We identified, by diagnostic categories, the iatrogenic and financial costs that arise from hospitalizing febrile infants 60 days of age or younger. Thirty-seven (19.5%) of all admissions resulted in 48 separate complications. Twenty-nine (60.4%) of these complications were preventable, and six complications (12.5%) occurred in infants who probably did not require hospitalization for therapy. Twenty-four (50%) of all complications resulted from intravenous therapy. In addition to the complications, 26 diagnostic misadventures were identified. The average length of hospitalization for all infants was 7.0 days, with a range of two to 28 days. The average cost of hospitalization in 1979-80 dollars was $2,130 per infant, with a range from $6,345 for those infants with bacterial meningitis to $1,480 for those infants with aseptic meningitis. On the average, 25.6% of the bill was for diagnostic studies and 8.3% for physician fees.
Am J Dis Child 1983 Dec
PMID:Iatrogenic risks and financial costs of hospitalizing febrile infants. 641 58


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