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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis and estimating cost of disease are important in guiding vaccination policies. To determine the incidence and etiology of meningitis in Turkey, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained prospectively from children (1 month-17 years of age) with a clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Multiplex PCR was used to detect DNA evidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis. In total, 408 CSF samples were collected, and bacterial etiology was determined in 243 cases; N. meningitidis was detected in 56.5%, S. pneumoniae in 22.5%, and Hib in 20.5% of the PCR-positive samples. Among N. meningitidis-positive CSF samples, 42.7%, 31.1%, 2.2%, and 0.7% belonged to serogroups W-135, B, Y, and A, respectively. This study highlights the emergence of serogroup W-135 disease in Turkey and concludes that vaccines to prevent meningococcal disease in this region must provide reliable protection against this serogroup.
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PMID:A prospective study of etiology of childhood acute bacterial meningitis, Turkey. 1859 30

Gene amplification using 16S rDNA primers has been proposed as a strategy for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the MicroSeq 500 16S ribosomal DNA test (Applied Biosystems) from patients with suspected bacterial meningitis and CSF negative-culture in comparison to traditional methods. Twelve purulent culture-negative CSF samples were collected between January 2005 and January 2007. For DNA extraction, 500 microl of CSF samples were treated using the QIAamp mini kit (QIAGEN). The extracted DNA was examined amplifying 500 bp at the 5' end of 16S rRNA gene using MicroSeq500 16S rDNA Bacterial Identification PCR kit and the sequencing reactions were performed with the MicroSeq500 16S rDNA Bacterial Identification Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems). The sequences were compared with those available in GenBank. For the culture-negative CSF samples the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA yielded a positive result in 9 cases (75.0%): three samples were identified as Streptococcus. pneumoniae, three as Neisseria meningitidis, and the remaining 3 as Haemophilus influenzae, Abiotrophia defectiva and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MicroSeq 500 16S ribosomal DNA test may improve the microbiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, especially when spinal fluid samples are obtained after the administration of antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:Evaluation of the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA-based gene sequencing for the diagnosis of culture-negative bacterial meningitis. 1884 88

The main object was to examine the diagnostic performance of a novel combination of a specific real-time PCR (combined real-time PCR) for immediate and simultaneous detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis and of a real-time PCR of the 16S rRNA gene (16S DNA). During 12 months, 1015 routine CSF samples were consecutively collected from patients in the County of Aarhus, Denmark. The samples were cultured, examined by microscopy, and, in parallel, CSF DNA was automatically purified and subjected to real-time PCR. Melting curve analysis discriminated between the 2 specific pathogens and 16S DNA positive samples were sequenced. Clinical data were extracted from patients having positive samples. Clinically, 35 of 46 (76%) patients with positive samples had bacterial meningitis. 18 of these 35 patients had a concomitant culture and real-time PCR-positive sample. The remaining 17 patients were either culture positive (n =7) or real-time PCR-positive (n = 10). The aetiology of bacterial meningitis was revealed by microscopy in 18/35 (51.4%), culture in 24/35 (68.6%) and combined real-time PCR in 27/35 (77.1%) patients, respectively. In conclusion, the combined real-time PCR strategy is superior to microscopy and a valuable supplement to routine culture to establish the aetiology of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Combined assay for two-hour identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis and concomitant detection of 16S ribosomal DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by real-time PCR. 1897 98

Bacterial infections can be localized to joints and brain causing septic arthritis and meningitis. Despite early and adequate antibiotic treatment, bacterial meningitis and arthritis remain an infection with a high mortality rate and severe sequelae. Bacterial DNA has recently been shown to exert immunostimulatory effects on leukocytes. We speculate that bacterial DNA may be involved in the process of bacterial arthritis and meningitis. We found that bacterial DNA and oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs induce arthritis and meningitis by intraarticular or intracisternal inoculation. Arthritis and meningitis induced by bacterial DNA were characterized by an influx of monocytic, Mac-1+ cells and by a lack of T cells. Macrophages and their products such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha are essential for development of arthritis and meningitis triggered by bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs. In contrast, neutrophils, NK cells, and T/B cells were not important in arthritis and meningitis triggered by bacterial DNA. CpG ODN is also found to reverse Th-2 dominant allergic diseases. This review discusses that the role and mechanism of bacterial DNA in inflammatory diseases and allergic disease. In this review patented strategies are also discussed.
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PMID:The role of bacterial DNA in inflammatory and allergic disease. 1907

Bacterial meningitis is an acute disease with high mortality that is reduced by early treatment. Identification of the causative microorganism by culture is sensitive but slow. Large volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are required to maximise sensitivity and establish a provisional diagnosis. We have utilised nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to rapidly characterise the biochemical profile of CSF from normal rats and animals with pneumococcal or cryptococcal meningitis. Use of a miniaturised capillary NMR system overcame limitations caused by small CSF volumes and low metabolite concentrations. The analysis of the complex NMR spectroscopic data by a supervised statistical classification strategy included major, minor and unidentified metabolites. Reproducible spectral profiles were generated within less than three minutes, and revealed differences in the relative amounts of glucose, lactate, citrate, amino acid residues, acetate and polyols in the three groups. Contributions from microbial metabolism and inflammatory cells were evident. The computerised statistical classification strategy is based on both major metabolites and minor, partially unidentified metabolites. This data analysis proved highly specific for diagnosis (100% specificity in the final validation set), provided those with visible blood contamination were excluded from analysis; 6-8% of samples were classified as indeterminate. This proof of principle study suggests that a rapid etiologic diagnosis of meningitis is possible without prior culture. The method can be fully automated and avoids delays due to processing and selective identification of specific pathogens that are inherent in DNA-based techniques.
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PMID:Rapid etiological classification of meningitis by NMR spectroscopy based on metabolite profiles and host response. 1939 Jun 97

The most frequent bacteria responsible for acute bacterial meningitis, after the neonatal period, are meningoccoci and pneumococci, very rarely Haemophilus influenzae and Listeria monocytogenes. The microbiological diagnosis is based on cell count, Gram stain, and culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Antigen detection and DNA detection are useful to identify the bacteria in cases of negative cultures, because of the fragility of some bacterial species (meningococci), or a prior antibiotic administration, before a lumbar puncture. Some tests for screening antimicrobial resistances are needed, such as those for detection of resistance to betalactam agents in pneumococcal isolates. Blood cultures, serum samples, skin rash biopsies also contribute to the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Contribution of microbiological methods to the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis]. 1939 76

We aimed to detect causative pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae described previously, five other pathogens, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, were targeted, based on a large-scale surveillance in Japan. Results in CSF from neonates and children (n=150), and from adults (n=18) analyzed by real-time PCR with molecular beacon probes were compared with those of conventional culturing. The total time from DNA extraction from CSF to PCR analysis was 1.5 h. The limit of detection for these pathogens ranged from 5 copies to 28 copies per tube. Nonspecific positive reactions were not recognized for 37 microorganisms in clinical isolates as a negative control. The pathogens were detected in 72.0% of the samples by real-time PCR, but in only 48.2% by culture, although the microorganisms were completely concordant. With the real-time PCR, the detection rate of H. influenzae from CSF was high, at 45.2%, followed by S. pneumoniae (21.4%), S. agalactiae (2.4%), E. coli (1.8%), L. monocytogenes (0.6%), and M. pneumoniae (0.6%). The detection rate with PCR was significantly better than that with cultures in patients with antibiotic administration (chi2=18.3182; P=0.0000). In conclusion, detection with real-time PCR is useful for rapidly identifying the causative pathogens of meningitis and for examining the clinical course of chemotherapy.
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PMID:Rapid detection of eight causative pathogens for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by real-time PCR. 1939 18

The Meningococcus Genome Informatics Platform (MGIP) is a suite of computational tools for the analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data, at http://mgip.biology.gatech.edu. MLST is used to generate allelic profiles to characterize strains of Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. Neisseria meningitidis strains are characterized with MLST as specific sequence types (ST) and clonal complexes (CC) based on the DNA sequences at defined loci. These data are vital to molecular epidemiology studies of N. meningitidis, including outbreak investigations and population biology. MGIP analyzes DNA sequence trace files, returns individual allele calls and characterizes the STs and CCs. MGIP represents a substantial advance over existing software in several respects: (i) ease of use-MGIP is user friendly, intuitive and thoroughly documented; (ii) flexibility--because MGIP is a website, it is compatible with any computer with an internet connection, can be used from any geographic location, and there is no installation; (iii) speed--MGIP takes just over one minute to process a set of 96 trace files; and (iv) expandability--MGIP has the potential to expand to more loci than those used in MLST and even to other bacterial species.
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PMID:Meningococcus genome informatics platform: a system for analyzing multilocus sequence typing data. 1946 47

Bacterial meningitis continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity, despite improved antimicrobial therapy. A key factor that contributes to this situation is the incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. High-throughput methods (e.g., DNA microarray technology) can provide a holistic picture of the transcriptional events that underlie the host response to bacterial infections, including that during bacterial meningitis. Since 2001, several studies have been reported on the cellular host's responses to infections with Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae (the leading causes of bacterial meningitis) using DNA microarrays and have described numerous differentially expressed genes. The present review summarizes the main recent findings with gene expression analyses in the field of bacterial meningitis. Experiments that defined a common host response, as well as pathogen-specific host responses, will be discussed. This review will also outline the contributions of global gene analyses to our understanding of the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Mammalian cell transcriptome in response to meningitis-causing pathogens. 1989 28

The diagnostic accuracy of a 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene-based molecular technique for bacterial meningitis (BM), early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is evaluated. The molecular approach gave better results for BM diagnosis: sensitivity (S) was 90.6% compared to 78.1% for the bacterial culture. Percentages of cases correctly diagnosed (CCD) were 91.7% and 80.6%, respectively. For EONS diagnosis, S was 60.0% for the molecular approach and 70.0% for the bacterial culture; and CCD was 95.2% and 96.4%, respectively. For SPB diagnosis, the molecular approach gave notably poorer results than the bacterial cultures. S and CCD were 48.4% and 56.4% for the molecular approach and 80.6% and 89.1% for bacterial cultures. Nevertheless, bacterial DNA was detected in 53.3% of culture-negative samples. Accuracy of the 16S rDNA PCR approach differs depending on the sample, the microorganisms involved, the expected bacterial load, and the presence of bacterial DNA other than that from the pathogen implied in the infectious disease.
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PMID:Diagnostic accuracy of a 16S ribosomal DNA gene-based molecular technique (RT-PCR, microarray, and sequencing) for bacterial meningitis, early-onset neonatal sepsis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. 2125 58


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