Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-seven strains of the genus Haemophilus and five strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for their ability to produce extracellular enzyme that cleaves immunoglobulin molecules. All strains of H. influenzae, H. aegyptius, and S. pneumoniae elaborated enzyme that selectively cleaved human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) myeloma proteins but was inactive against a variety of other proteins including human IgA2, IgG, and IgM, porcine and bovine secretory IgA, human and bovine serum albumins, and ovalbumin. Although susceptible, human secretory IgA remained largely undigested. Two strains of H. pleuropneumoniae isolated from fatally infected pigs cleaved porcine secretory IgA, but had no effect on human IgA proteins. None of 16 strains that belonged to nonpathogenic Haemophilus species produced IgA protease. Analyses of the cleavage products of human IgA1 and secretory IgA proteins by immunochemical methods, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that Fab and Fc fragments were produced. Since the production of IgA1 protease by Neisseria meningitidis has been reported previously, our finding that H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae produce an IgA1 protease indicates that this is a property of all three major etiological agents of bacterial meningitis. This suggests that IgA1 protease production may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenic species of the genus Haemophilus and Streptococcus pneumoniae produce immunoglobulin A1 protease. 4 Aug 78

Clinical trials were carried out with cafamandole (sodium salt) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; 1. CMD was applied to 13 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient each with submandibular abscess, urinary tract infection and bacterial meningitis. 2. Results were excellent in 1 and good in 13 patients, being overall efficacy rate 93.3%. 3. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient. No other serious side effects were observed or reported.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children (author's transl)]. 38 95

Eleven children with bacterial meningitis were treated intravenously with amoxicillin sodium to evaluate the efficacy of the parenteral form of amoxicillin for this serious infection and to measure the penetration of the drug into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The infecting organisms were Haemophilus influenzae in nine cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in two. Nine patients had optimal responses to amoxicillin sodium, 200 mg/kg per day for 14 days. Bacteria were also eradicated from CSF of the other two, but one experienced fever and culture-negative CSF pleocytosis after cessation of amoxicillin, and the other developed H. influenzae empyema 2 weeks after termination of therapy. By comparison, 7 of 10 children with meningitis responded optimally to ampicillin (nonrandomized design) during the period of study. The mean peak CSF concentration of amoxicillin was 3.14 mug/ml (ca. 7% of the concomitant mean peak serum level) early during therapy. However, meningeal penetration of the drug declined to a mean peak of 0.63 mug/ml on the final day of therapy. Mild transient neutropenia, noted in five patients, was the most common side effect of amoxicillin sodium therapy; five patients treated with ampicillin also experienced reversible neutropenia. Thus, intravenous amoxicillin sodium provided therapy for bacterial meningitis comparable to that of ampicillin in this limited case-control study.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of bacterial meningitis with intravenous amoxicillin. 48 28

Forty-three infants and children with bacterial meningitis were treated intravenously with 200 mg of amoxicillin sodium per kg per day for 10 days. (Patients were initially treated with ampicillin and chloramphenicol until the bacterial etiology was defined.) Patients were randomly treated with amoxicillin only or with amoxicillin and four doses of probenecid (10 mg/kg per dose) orally every 6 h for 24 h before the lumbar puncture at day 10. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained on days 1, 5, and 10 of therapy for antibiotic assay. The mean peak serum concentration of amoxicillin of 49.2 micrograms/ml was increased to 61.4 micrograms/ml in patients who received probenecid. The half-life in serum (1.5 h) and area under the curve with probenecid (112.5 micrograms/ml-h) were increased compared with those of amoxicillin alone (1.3 h and 82.2 micrograms/ml-h). The mean peak CSF concentrations on days 1 and 5 were similar, but day 1 concentrations remained between 2.0 micrograms/ml and 5.0 micrograms/ml throughout the 4 h after a dose, whereas the day 5 values decreased at the same decay rate as that in serum. All CSF concentrations were lower on day 10, but patients receiving probenecid had peak values occurring at 1 hr rather than at 0.5 h, and levels were significantly greater at 1 and 2 h after a dose. There were no deaths and patients responded well to treatment.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopharmacological evaluation of amoxicillin and probenecid against bacterial meningitis. 50 89

The passage of 6-[(R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetamido)-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen), into the CSF was studied in 9 patients with symptoms of acute meningitis, presumed to be of viral origin. The antibiotic was given as a single 5 g dose i.v. over 30 min. The CSF/serum concentration ratio of mezlocillin showed a variation from 0 to 10.7%. The antibiotic could be effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and by most Enterobacteriaceae, provided these results will be confirmed by a study now in progress. In one patient suffering from meningococcal meningitis this concentration ratio varied between 72% (day 3) and 54% (day 12).
 ...
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of mezlocillin. 54 3

30 children suffering from bacterial meningitis and 2 children suffering from septicemia were treated with 6-((R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetmido(-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen). The daily dose was 250 mg/kg, divided in three portions. Therapy was successful in all patients. Neither signs of toxicity nor side effects of any kind could be found. Mezlocillin concentrations were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mainly on days one and six or seven of therapy. Serum concentrations were in the expected range. CSF concentrations depended on the inflammation of the meninges. On the first day of treatment they ranged from 0.5 to 7.2 to 12.0 microgram/ml. After normalisation of CSF no concentrations of mezlocillin were detectable.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of childhood meningitis with mezlocillin. 54 12

The penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) in the presence of meningeal inflammation was evaluated in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Serum and CSF concentrations of amoxicillin were measured at 2 h in nine patients who received a 1-g oral dose and at 1.5 and 4 h in ten patients who received a 2-g intravenous injection of sodium amoxicillin. After the oral dose, CSF concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mug/ml. After the intravenous injection, CSF concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 40.0 mug/ml at 1.5 h and from 2.6 to 27.0 mug/ml at 4 h. These data on penetration suggest that parenterally administered sodium amoxicillin may be of value in the therapy of acute bacterial meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid. 74 77

A prospective study of bacterial meningitis in children was initiated two years ago. Serum sodium concentrations below 135 MEQ/liter were noted on admission in 72 of 124 (58.1 %) of patients enrolled in the study protocol. Low initial serum sodium concentration and prolonged depression in serum sodium despite fluid restriction correlated significanly (P less than 0.001 to 0.01) with the presence of neurologic sequelae of the disease. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone as the cause of these electrolyte changes could be inferred by indirect measurement of serum and urine solute and volume data and was specifically documented, in patients enrolled most recently, by specific radioimmunoassay of antidiuretic hormone.
 ...
PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children with bacterial meningitis. 90 60

The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion was diagnosed on the basis of the cardinal features described by Bartter and Schwartz in 3 patients: one neonate with bacterial meningitis and two children respectively under Vincristin and Cyclophosphamide treatment. Treatment with fluid restriction and infusions of hypertonic saline led to a slow excretion of the water excess and to the restoration of both the body fluid volume and serum sodium concentration. The urinary excretion of aldosterone was found to be in the normal range or slightly increased during the development of the syndrome and at the beginning of the therapy. In the phase of recovery there was decreased urinary aldosterone.
 ...
PMID:[The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and the urinary excretion of aldosterone (author's transl)]. 118 23

1. Urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 98 children with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis were evaluated by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and latex agglutination (LA) methods and the results compared to those obtained with bacterial cultures of the CSF samples. Antigens of Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B and C, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined by both immunological methods. Serum was diluted (1:4) with 0.1 M sodium EDTA, pH 7.5, and held at 80 degrees C for 10 min before assay. Polysaccharide of the urine samples was precipitated overnight using an equal volume of 1:1 ethanol-acetone followed by a heat-treatment with 0.1 M sodium EDTA, pH 7.5, at 80 degrees C for 10 min.. 2. Sensitivity indices were 0.772 (CSF), 0.595 (urine) and 0.317 (serum) for CIE, and 0.914 (CSF), 0.930 (urine) and 0.683 (serum) for LA in relation to the 42 positive bacterial cultures. 3. The optimal diagnostic efficacy reached 52% for CIE and 72% for LA when urine was concentrated 20- to 30-fold. 4. These data show that immunological tests of urine samples were more effective than bacterial culture for diagnosing bacterial meningitis and may be indicated when negative results are obtained for CSF tested by bacterial culture and immunoassay methods.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination and bacterial culture for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. 134 12


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>