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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuronal injury in bacterial meningitis is a consequence of the direct toxicity of bacterial components and inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms. Adjunctive therapy with melatonin was investigated in vitro and in experimental meningitis. Cellular damage was reduced by treatment with melatonin in organotypic hippocampal cultures (P<.001) and in human SH-SY5Y cells (P<.01). Rabbits were infected intracisternally with Streptococcus pneumoniae and received either melatonin (20 mg/kg body weight/24 h; n=12) or saline (n = 11) intravenously. Twelve hours later, all rabbits received ceftriaxone (10 mg/kg body weight/h). The density of apoptotic dentate granule cells was lower in melatonin-treated rabbits (81.8+/-52.9 vs. 227.5+/-127.9 cells/mm(2); P=.002). The activity of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampal formation was higher (P=.04), and nitrite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were lower, after treatment with melatonin (P=.003). Melatonin reduced neuronal injury in vitro and in experimental meningitis, and it may be suitable as adjunctive therapy in human meningitis.
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PMID:Melatonin is neuroprotective in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. 1568 96

Neuronal injury is frequent in bacterial meningitis, resulting in a high rate of death and neurological sequelae. In a search of potential neuroprotective strategies for treatment of bacterial meningitis, the antioxidant melatonin was neuroprotective in cell culture experiments and in a rabbit Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis model, when treatment was started at the time of infection. In the present study, adjunctive melatonin treatment applied from the beginning of antibiotic therapy 12 hr after infection at a dose of 1.67 mg/kg/hr resulted in plasma concentrations of 451 +/- 198 ng/ml, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 154 +/- 57 ng/ml and a CSF-to-plasma ratio of 0.38 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD). Melatonin therapy had antiinflammatory effects but did not reduce neuronal injury in either a rabbit model of gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae or gram-negative Escherichia coli meningitis.
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PMID:Antiinflammatory but no neuroprotective effects of melatonin under clinical treatment conditions in rabbit models of bacterial meningitis. 1699 17