Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven hospitalized patients with bacterial meningitis were treated with cefoperazone at daily dosage ranging between 3 and 8 g intravenously. Seven patients had proven Gram-negative bacterial infections, but in four patients the aetiological agent remained unknown. Eight patients completely recovered from infection and the pathogens were eradicated, in one patient the treatment failed and in two patients only some improvement was registered. Furthermore in five patients cefoperazone serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels were determined four times in the first week of treatment (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day). No side-effects were recorded. Cefoperazone can be considered as effective antimicrobial agent in the therapy of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Cefoperazone therapy of bacterial meningitis: a preliminary report. 329 86

Cefoperazone was compared with penicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, gentamicin against Escherichia coli, and ampicillin and chloramphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae in the therapy of experimental meningitis in rabbits. Meningitis was produced by intracisternal inoculation into cerebrospinal fluid, and all antibiotics were administered intravenously over 8 h in dosages that would achieve serum levels comparable to those found in humans. The mean percent penetration into purulent cerebrospinal fluid, expressed as (cerebrospinal fluid concentration/serum concentration) x 100%, was 2.6% for penicillin, 22.0% for gentamicin, 12.1% for ampicillin, 23.8% for chloramphenicol, and 6.4% for cefoperazone. The mean cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentration for the test strain in each experimental model, except for ampicillin in experimental meningitis due to the beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae. Cefoperazone produced a significantly faster bactericidal effect after 4 h of treatment when compared with penicillin (P = 0.037) and ampicillin (P = 0.01) in meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (ampicillin susceptible), respectively. In meningitis caused by E. coli, cefoperazone was significantly (P = 0.006) more rapidly bactericidal after 8 h of treatment when compared to gentamicin. In addition, cefoperazone was significantly more rapidly bactericidal than either ampicillin or chloramphenicol in experimental meningitis due to beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae. Cefoperazone deserves further evaluation in the therapy of bacterial meningitis in humans.
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PMID:Comparison of cefoperazone with penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol in the therapy of experimental meningitis. 621 85

Cefoperazone was administered to 15 patients with bacterial meningitis before lumbar punctures were performed. Patients received one of the following three dosage regimens before collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): one dose of 50 mg/kg (maximum, 2 g; group I), one dose of 100 mg/kg (maximum, 4 g; group II), three doses of 100 mg/kg each every 8 h (maximum, 4 g each dose; group III). Of 44 CSF samples, 26 had detectable cefoperazone levels (59%); drug concentrations in CSF ranged from less than 0.8 to 11.5 micrograms/ml (median, 1.97 micrograms/ml). Although the percentage of patients with detectable cefoperazone levels in CSF was higher in group III (69%) than in group II (64%) or group I (50%), the differences were not statistically significant; however, the mean drug concentration in CSF in group I (1.53 micrograms/ml) was significantly lower than that in group III (3.1 micrograms/ml). A high protein concentration in CSF (as an indicator of meningeal inflammation) correlated best with high cefoperazone concentrations in CSF. These findings differ from previous investigations of cefoperazone penetration into CSF; however, cefoperazone may not penetrate reliably into CSF and therefore may not be an optimal candidate drug for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Concentrations of cefoperazone in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis. 622 78

To assess the potential value of cefoperazone in treating bacterial meningitis, its pharmacokinetics in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits were studied. Cefoperazone penetrated poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with uninflamed meninges, but in the presence of meningitis concentrations increased 2- to 3-fold. These concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the majority of Enterobacteriaceae, indicating the potential value of cefoperazone in treating bacterial meningitis. The half-lives of cefoperazone and moxalactam in cerebrospinal fluid, measured by a bioassay, were marked prolonged by meningeal inflammation. In contrast, the half-life of cefotaxime in cerebrospinal fluid was short. Consequently both cefoperazone and moxalactam provided significantly better antibacterial effect in cerebrospinal fluid than did cefotaxime.
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PMID:Potential value of cefoperazone in bacterial meningitis: experimental studies. 626 24

Cefoperazone (CPZ) was given intravenously to 23 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 2 cases of pertussis pneumonia, 2 cases of septicemia, 1 case of osteomyelitis, 1 case of perforative peritonitis and 1 case of bacterial meningitis. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 20 cases out of 23 cases and bacteriological effectiveness in 14 cases out of 17 cases. With CPZ, the following side effects developed; transient diarrhea in 1 case, asymptomatic eosinophilia in 2 cases. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CPZ is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoperazone in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 645 40