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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefoperazone (CPZ) was given intravenously to 23 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 2 cases of pertussis pneumonia, 2 cases of septicemia, 1 case of osteomyelitis, 1 case of perforative peritonitis and 1 case of bacterial meningitis. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 20 cases out of 23 cases and bacteriological effectiveness in 14 cases out of 17 cases. With CPZ, the following side effects developed; transient diarrhea in 1 case, asymptomatic eosinophilia in 2 cases. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CPZ is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
Jpn J Antibiot 1980 Sep
PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoperazone in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 645 40

Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoperazone (CPZ), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were investigated and following results were obtained. (1) Blood level: CPZ was given intravenous dose of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg to each 3 children. In the former, the blood level of 15 minutes after injection was 194.2 mcg/ml on average and the half life was 106.2 minutes. In the latter, the blood level was 320.0 mcg/ml on average and half life was 102.2 minutes. (2) Urinary concentration: In the cases of the dose of 25 mg/kg, 35.9% of CPZ was recovered on average from the urine within 6 hours after injection, and the urinary concentration reached to 2,148.6 mcg/ml (0 approximately 2 hours). And in the cases of the dose of 50 mcg/kg, the recovery rate in urine was 43.6%, and the urinary concentration was 3,008.3 mcg/ml. (3) Cerebrospinal fluid level: CSF level was determined in a patient with bacterial meningitis by S. pneumoniae. Ninety mg/kg of CPZ were given intravenous injection. After 60 minutes CSF level was 3.35 mcg/ml, and after 80 minutes the blood level was 192.0 mcg/ml. (4) Bacteriological evaluation: Against 164 strains isolated clinical specimens, the bacteriological evaluation on CPZ was performed in comparison with cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin (CEZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) by inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml. CPZ showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria almost similar to CTX and PIPC. (5) CLINICAL RESULTS: CPZ was given 48.3 approximately 360 mg/kg/day (average 146.1 mg/kg/day) by intravenous route to 46 patients with various infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80.4%. The rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 78.9% in 19 cases. (6) Side effects: As side effects, diarrhea, fever, rash, urticaria, leukopenia, eosinophilia, elevation of GOT, GPT, and LDH were observed, but not seriously.
Jpn J Antibiot 1980 Sep
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoperazone in pediatrics treatment (author's transl)]. 645 44

Clinical records of 181 children, aged between one month and seven years, admitted in a four year period, from 1978 through 1982, with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis are revised. Peak incidence occurred in the age group between six months and three years, and during the months of January to May. N. meningitidis (35%), pneumococcus (4.9%) and H. influenzae (2.7%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. CSF culture was negative in 56% of the children. All of them had previously taken antibiotics. Complications were present in 6.4%, with highest incidence in the known-agent group, on the following order: septic shock, 11%, seizures, 6.6%, and subdural effusion, 2.2%. Permanent sequelae were present in 3.8%, being deafness predominant. Twelve (6.3%) out of the 181 died, and death was result of fulminant meningococcal sepsis with endotoxic shock in ten of these patients. Clinical and psychological followed-up of twenty-nine children with isolated causal agent, were compared with a control group, finding no statistically-significant difference.
An Esp Pediatr 1984 Sep 15
PMID:[Bacterial meningitis in children. Analysis of 181 cases]. 650 29

We evaluated the diffusion of pefloxacin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 15 patients with bacterial meningitis or ventriculitis, 14 of whom were treated with other antibiotics. Three doses of pefloxacin were administered at 12-h intervals to 11 patients intravenously and to 4 patients orally. Individual doses were 7.5 mg/kg in seven patients and 15 mg/kg in eight patients. Plasma and CSF levels were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. The concentrations of pefloxacin in CSF were measured 2 h after the third intravenous dose and 4 h after the third oral dose. In patients receiving 7.5 mg/kg, peak levels in plasma ranged from 6.8 to 16 micrograms/ml, and trough levels were from 2 to 7.5 micrograms/ml. Concentrations in CSF ranged from 2.4 to 9 micrograms/ml. In patients receiving 15 mg/kg, peak levels in plasma ranged from 14 to 18.6 micrograms/ml, and trough levels were from 4 to 13.2 micrograms/ml. Concentrations in CSF ranged from 6.5 to 13 micrograms/ml. These preliminary data indicate that pefloxacin diffuses well into the CSF of patients with inflamed meninges.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984 Sep
PMID:Penetration of pefloxacin into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis. 659 70

During the years 1966-1976, 875 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. In late 1979 and early 1980 a survey by questionnaire was conducted among survivors concerning the impact of the disease. Replies were received from 667 patients (96.4 per cent). The most common complaints after meningitis were headache (32 per cent) inability to concentrate (31 per cent), altered working capability (33 per cent) and loss of memory (24 per cent). Approximately 20 per cent suffered from impaired hearing, visual disturbances and dizziness. Five per cent had convulsions. Each questionnaire was evaluated for sequelae, and when present these were rated as mild, medium or severe. One-third of the patients had sequelae and in 6 per cent these were severe. Sequelae were most commonly associated with drowsiness, coma, agitation and confusion on admission to hospital.
J Infect 1983 Sep
PMID:Sequelae from bacterial meningitis and their relation to the clinical condition during acute illness, based on 667 questionnaire returns. Part II of a three part series. 660 3

A modified latex agglutination (LA) test was compared with Gram-staining and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the rapid detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of antigen to Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B and C, Escherichia coli K1, Streptococcus pneumoniae and group B streptococci, seven frequent causes of bacterial meningitis in children. Of 50 CSF samples from patients with culture-proven bacterial meningitis 90% were correctly shown by the LA test to contain antigen of the responsible organism. Gram-staining revealed organisms in 80% of 45 of these samples. In 75% of the 40 samples that were of sufficient volume for CIE, positive results for the appropriate antigen were obtained. The concentration of antigen detected in the CSF by the LA test varied from undetectable to 800 000 ng/ml. Patients with a high concentration (more than 2000 ng/ml or a positive result at dilutions of CSF over 1/8) were significantly more likely to have a poor response to therapy (two died and two had persistent pleocytosis or bacteria in the CSF) than patients with a lower concentration (4/16 v. 0/18, P < 0.05). After appropriate therapy was begun the concentration of antigen fell dramatically, but measurable amounts of antigen persisted in the CSF for up to 6 days. The LA test detected bacterial antigen at concentrations 2 to 70 times below the lower limit detected by CIE. In seven additional patients who had received antibiotics before lumbar puncture was performed the LA test detected antigen from meningitis-causing bacteria even though cultures of the CSF were sterile. In another 145 patients who did not have meningitis the results of the LA test were negative. The LA test, done as described in this article, is easier to perform than CIE and should be a useful addition to the diagnostic tests carried out on the CSF of any patient suspected of having meningitis.
Can Med Assoc J 1982 Sep 15
PMID:The latex agglutination test versus counterimmunoelectrophoresis for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. 674 72

A total of 80 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were analyzed for bacterial meningitis by four procedures readily available to most laboratories. These tests included routine culturing. Gram staining, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, staphylococcal coagglutination (CoA) with laboratory-prepared reagents, and CoA with Pharmacia Diagnostics reagents. A total of 56 specimens were positive for bacterial agents by routine culturing: Gram stain results were positive for 64% of all specimens positive by culturing. For 36 specimens from patients with suspected meningitis due to either Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or group B streptococci, detection was 97% with Pharmacia CoA reagents, 94% with laboratory-prepared CoA reagents, 89% with routine culturing, 78% with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, and 75% with Gram staining. One specimen which contained Klebsiella pneumoniae was false positive for S. pneumoniae in tests with both of the CoA reagents and in countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. A Gram stain of this specimen clearly showed gram-negative bacilli, which were confirmed by culturing. Although a positive culture and a positive Gram stain are definitive evidence of bacterial meningitis, rapid immunological tests can provide valuable clinical information as an adjunct to culture and Gram stain results. Serological tests with Pharmacia CoA reagents produced more positive results than either laboratory-prepared CoA reagents or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis.
J Clin Microbiol 1982 Sep
PMID:Determination of bacterial meningitis: a retrospective study of 80 cerebrospinal fluid specimens evaluated by four in vitro methods. 675 93

Cerebrospinal fluid with a normal cell count, glucose and protein values, and a negative Gram's stain smear is usually assumed to exclude the possibility of meningitis. We describe four patients and review from literature 19 patients with pyogenic meningitis in whom the CSF initially appeared normal. Thus, finding minimal or no initial CSF abnormality is consistent with early or developing bacterial meningitis. Repeated lumbar puncture and CSF examination within 24 hours should be considered in all febrile patients in whom the clinical features remain compatible with meningitis.
JAMA 1980 Sep 26
PMID:'Normal' CSF in bacterial meningitis. 677 95

The role of antidiuretic hormone in maintaining normal water balance is review. The diagnosis of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is done when a patient presents hyponatremia with no evidence of volume depletion, urine osmolality that is inappropriately high for serum tonicity, and absence of intrinsic renal or adrenal disease. Among the various possible etiology, the most frequent corresponds to disorders of the central nervous system, particularly bacterial meningitis. The various methods of treatment, fluid restriction, Hantman method and lithium salts are discussed.
An Esp Pediatr 1981 Sep
PMID:[Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children (author's transl)]. 680 Feb 88

Methods for rapid detection of viral antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are needed to aid in the differentiation of viral from bacterial meningitis. The formation of precipitin bands in patients with suspect viral meningitis utilizing viral antisera in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) system has been described. To investigate further the possible value of CIE in the diagnosis of viral meningitis, the specificity of the CSF precipitin bands was studied. Precipitin bands were formed between commercially available type-specific antisera and cell culture supernatant fluids. Precipitin bands were also formed when control CSF was used as an antigen. Using type-specific antisera produced against purified virus, enteroviral antigens were not detected in CSF from patients from whom CSF viruses had been isolated. CIE lacks sufficient sensitivity for the detection of echovirus 11 antigens in CSF.
Am J Clin Pathol 1983 Sep
PMID:Inability of counterimmunoelectrophoresis to detect echovirus in cerebrospinal fluid. 688 Nov 3


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