Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was performed of 32 bacteremic children not receiving preadmission antibiotic therapy who had a diagnostic lumbar puncture for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid at the time of initial evaluation for an acute illness. In each instance, the CSF contained polymorphonuclear leukocytes without pleocytosis. Of these 32 bacteremic patients, 88% had a CSF differential cell count with 20% or fewer polymorphonuclear cells, and greater than 90% had glucose and protein concentration within the range of normal limits. All patients had a Gram-stained smear of CSF which revealed no organisms. In no instance was a CSF culture positive for a bacterial pathogen. In the bacteremic child not pretreated with antibiotics, cerebrospinal fluid which contains total white blood cell, glucose, and protein concentrations within limits of normal, a differential cell count with 20% or fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and Gram-stained smear which reveals no organisms is not indicative of risk for bacterial meningitis.
Pediatr Emerg Care 1988 Sep
PMID:Significance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in CSF of bacteremic children. 318 21

Mono-histiocytes and T-lymphocytes were assessed by the cytochemical alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase (ANAE) stain in 50 CSF samples of patients with various neurological diseases. The ANAE-activity of lymphocytes was decreased in multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, while the activity of mono-histiocytes was increased in the group of infarctions and bacterial and viral infections of the central nervous system. In bacterial meningitis and viral meningo-encephalo-radiculitis the number of ANAE-positive lymphocytes increased after treatment and clinical improvement. ANAE staining appears to be a useful additional tool in CSF cytology in these conditions.
Acta Neurol Scand 1988 Sep
PMID:Alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity in cerebrospinal fluid cells. 326 33

The relationship of symptoms and signs to age and the reasons for consulting a physician were analyzed in 110 cases of culture-proven childhood bacterial meningitis. H. influenzae caused 74, meningococci 28, pneumococci 6 and streptococci 2 of the cases. Apart from fever (present in 94%), the most common symptoms according to age were as follows: 1-5 months: irritability (85%), 6-11 months: impaired consciousness (79%), 12 months or more: vomiting (82%) and neck rigidity (78%). Absence of neck rigidity at diagnosis was associated with young age (less than 12 months, P less than 0.001) and, in older children, to a short duration of symptoms (P less than 0.01) but not to the degree of CSF pleocytosis. Symptoms of meningitis caused by H. influenzae differed from those of meningococcal meningitis. Meningitis should be suspected in irritable or lethargic febrile children despite absence of neck rigidity. Fever and vomiting were the most frequent reasons for consulting a physician (60% and 31%, respectively). Despite the frequency and alarming character of irritability, impaired consciousness and neck rigidity, their presence led infrequently to a consultation (6%, 22% and 3%, respectively). Parental ignorance of such symptoms or of their importance may cause treatment delay, despite readily available medical services.
Eur J Pediatr 1987 Sep
PMID:Childhood bacterial meningitis: initial symptoms and signs related to age, and reasons for consulting a physician. 331 86

The diagnosis on the exclusion of infectious diseases of the central nervous system, especially of bacterial infections still is one of the most important issues in clinical microbiology. In bacterial meningitis, where lethal courses as well as severe sequelae are still frequent, there should be a rapid diagnosis not only with microscopy but also with Limulus test and antigen detection tests because a specific therapy should be initiated as soon as possible. But also viral infections caused by varicella or herpes virus are increasingly susceptible to chemotherapy. The indication for the examination of cerebrospinal fluid, the minimal volume for exhaustive laboratory tests and the possibilities of a stepwise diagnostic procedure are given with reference data from literature for the various techniques. In our experience the synopsis of laboratory results and clinical symptoms yielded in 75% of all cases the exclusion of an infectious etiology of the disease. In 17% a bacterial meningitis or the infection of a hydrocephalus shunt could be diagnosed. Viral infections could be proven in 4% either by antibody or by antigen detection. Only in 1% of all patients the clinical symptoms and the laboratory parameters remained unclear.
Immun Infekt 1987 Sep
PMID:[Microbiologic-immunologic laboratory diagnosis in suspected meningitis/encephalitis]. 331 73

A population-based cohort of 714 survivors of encephalitis or meningitis between 1935 and 1981 was followed in order to evaluate the risks of unprovoked seizures after CNS infections. The 20-year risk of developing unprovoked seizures was 6.8%, and the ratio of observed to expected cases of unprovoked seizures was 6.9. The increased incidence of unprovoked seizures was highest during the first 5 years after the CNS infection but remained elevated over the next 15 years of follow-up. The type of CNS infection and the presence or absence of seizures during the acute phase of the CNS infection greatly influenced the risks of subsequent unprovoked seizures. The 20-year risk of developing unprovoked seizures was 22% for patients with viral encephalitis and early seizures, 10% for patients with viral encephalitis without early seizures, 13% for patients with bacterial meningitis and early seizures, and 2.4% for patients with bacterial meningitis without early seizures. The 20-year risk of 2.1% for patients with aseptic meningitis was not increased over the general population incidence of unprovoked seizures.
Neurology 1988 Sep
PMID:The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis. 341 88

A retrospective analysis of 112 cases of pediatric bacterial meningitis over a 3-year period was performed to determine the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis at initial evaluation. Of 14 neonates and 98 children older than 1 month of age not receiving preadmission antibiotic therapy, only one instance of CSF lymphocytosis occurred. This patient's CSF exhibited pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia, abnormally elevated protein content, and organisms visualized on gram stain smear. In children with bacterial meningitis not receiving antibiotic therapy at the time of evaluation, CSF differential cell count with relative lymphocytosis is rare.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1988 Sep
PMID:Acute bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid differential count. 341 47

Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Arizona infants and children. A retrospective review of 102 cases of meningitis occurring in the American Indian population documents the prevalence of the Haemophilus influenzae organism with a peak incidence in the first year of life. The rate of H influenzae resistance to ampicillin was 16%. Overall morbidity and mortality rates are comparable with reviews of diverse populations, but there is an exceptional mortality and prolonged hospitalization in patients less than 1 year of age. The development of an efficacious vaccine against H influenzae may substantially reduce and prevent this cause of meningitis.
Am J Dis Child 1986 Sep
PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Arizona American Indian children. 348 76

Chloramphenicol is a unique antibiotic. The kinetics and efficacy of the oral and intravenous preparations are comparable. Chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic but is bactericidal against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis, and chloramphenicol's clinical efficacy against these meningeal pathogens is well established. Chloramphenicol can be used to treat serious pediatric infections when Haemophilus influenzae is a likely pathogen, as well as typhoid fever, anaerobic infections, bacterial meningitis in patients allergic to penicillin, brain abscesses, and rickettsial infections. The use of chloramphenicol is limited because of its toxicity. Aplastic anemia is very rare but can occur after either oral or intravenous administration. The gray syndrome can be eliminated and marrow suppression minimized by using chloramphenicol at the recommended doses and monitoring levels. During the last decade the increased use of chloramphenicol has not resulted in increased resistance or in frequent reports of toxicity. Thus, chloramphenicol remains an important inpatient antibiotic that can be invaluable for treating certain life-threatening infections.
South Med J 1986 Sep
PMID:Chloramphenicol: what we have learned in the last decade. 352 36

The hospital records of 118 2-month-old to 3-year-old children who had been treated for bacterial meningitis were reviewed. Within 2 weeks after hospitalization, one fourth of the patients sought medical attention for an acute illness, but only one was treated for the possible relapse or recurrence of meningitis. Because only five of the 113 patients with available follow-up information required a diagnostic lumbar puncture procedure, it is not recommended that a lumbar puncture be performed following treatment of bacterial meningitis to provide end-of-treatment baseline information.
Pediatrics 1987 Sep
PMID:Acute illnesses in the 2 weeks after hospitalization for bacterial meningitis. 362 84

A highly sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay, based upon a monoclonal antibody, was used to measure interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with central nervous system infections and in controls with non-infectious neurological disorders. IFN-alpha was detected in all 21 patients with viral meningitis but in only one of four patients with non-viral aseptic meningitis. It was also present in the CSF of three of four patients with herpes encephalitis and five of seven patients with acute bacterial meningitis. By contrast, IFN-alpha was present in the CSF in low concentrations in only five (7%) of 71 neurological controls. This rapid test is positive in viral meningitis and may help in distinguishing viral infection from other causes of aseptic meningitis. It is usually negative in non-infective disorders but will not distinguish between viral and bacterial infections.
J Infect 1987 Sep
PMID:Assessment of an immunoassay for interferon-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic aid in infections of the central nervous system. 366 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>